Tuvan English

[ urug ]

n.    girl

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase    black woodpecker

Scientific name: Dryocopus martius

Example: Photo by ratel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    European green woodpecker

Scientific name: Picus viridis

Example: Photo by ma_sche / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ khana ]

n.    wall (of yurt)

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• yurt

[ pressa, parlalga ]

n.    press

Source: First edition

noun    Asian rosy finch

Scientific name: Leucosticte arctoa

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ sojar ]

v.    skin or flay (e.g., an animal), slaughter an animal (Hovd Dial.)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun    grass snake

Scientific name: Natrix natrix

Example: Photo by tusee / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• reptile

noun    willow ptarmigan

Scientific name: Lagopus lagopus

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    eurasian jay

Scientific name: Garrulus glandarius

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common goldeneye

Scientific name: Bucephala clangula

Example: Photo by Doug Greenberg / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Siberian ibex

Scientific name: Capra sibirica

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    horned lark

Scientific name: Eremophila alpestris

Example: Photo by kildor / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    red-billed chough

Scientific name: Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ igil ]

n.    horsehead fiddle

Source: First edition

noun    Siberian slamander

Scientific name: Salamandrella keyserlingii

Example: Photo by amarzee / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

noun    snow leopard

Scientific name: Panthera uncia

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    owls

Scientific name: Strigiformes

Example: Photo by hhempelmann / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    yellowhammer

Scientific name: Emberiza citrinella

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ ool (oglu) ]

n.    boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

Semantic domains:

• kinship

noun phrase    bar-headed goose

Scientific name: Anser indicus

Example: Photo by thierrycordenos / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common shelduck

Scientific name: Tadorna tadorna

Example: Photo by lada_l / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    grey heron

Scientific name: Ardea cinerea

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    carrion crow

Scientific name: Corvus corone

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    pine grosbeak

Scientific name: Pinicola enucleator

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    swallow

Scientific name: Hirundinidae

Example: Photo by evgenyboginsky / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ khönek ]

n.    teapot

Source: First edition

noun    bat

Scientific name: Chiroptera

Example: Photo by sidsat / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    booted eagle

Scientific name: Hieraaetus pennatus

Example: Photo by irinakrug / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ muzykant ]

n.    musician

Source: First edition

noun    adder

Scientific name: Vipera berus

Example: Photo by vladimir_teplouhov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• reptile

noun phrase    black redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus ochruros

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    bohemian waxwing

Scientific name: Bombycilla garrulus

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Bactrian camel

Scientific name: Camelus bactrianus

Example: Photo by cap1096 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    kestrel

Scientific name: Falco

Example: Photo by solisia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ saar ]

v.    milk

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food

noun phrase    red-backed shrike

Scientific name: Lanius collurio

Example: Photo by rolfja / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ ežik ]

n.    gate

Source: First edition

noun phrase    common starling

Scientific name: Sturnus vulgaris

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    thrush nightingale

Scientific name: Luscinia luscinia

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla

Example: Photo by gonkem1986 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    great cormorant

Scientific name: Phalacrocorax carbo

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    sharp-snouted lenok

Scientific name: Brachymystax lenok

Example: Photo by alekseyfaraway / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• fish

noun    common quail

Scientific name: Coturnix coturnix

Example: Photo by tatyana-omck / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ araga ]

n.    alcohol(ic) drink, fermented milk alcohol

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food

noun    eurasian golden oriole

Scientific name: Oriolus oriolus

Example: Photo by sofya_priezzhih / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    loon

Scientific name: Gavia

Example: Photo by valeriya_xoma / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ demir-khuuŋ ]

n.    bucket (metal)

Source: First edition

[ mototsikl ]

n.    motorcycle

Source: First edition

noun phrase    Eurasian coot

Scientific name: Fulica atra

Example: Photo by David Cook Wildlife Photography / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    bearded reedling

Scientific name: Panurus biarmicus

Example: Photo by cristoph_moning / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    garganey

Scientific name: Spatula querquedula

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    rough-legged buzzard

Scientific name: Buteo lagopus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    shaman’s drum

Source: Simchit 2010, page 35

Semantic domains:

• shamanism

[ sarlyk ]

n.    yak

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• animal

noun phrase    common chaffinch

Scientific name: Fringilla coelebs

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Siberian wapiti

Scientific name: Cervus canadensis ssp. sibiricus

Example: Photo by akilee / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    moor frog

Scientific name: Rana arvalis

Example: Photo by alzov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

noun    Eurasian wryneck

Scientific name: Jynx torquilla

Example: Photo by deniszhbir / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    dragonfly

Scientific name: Odonata

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• insect

noun phrase    rock dove

Scientific name: Columba livia

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    kind of spider

Scientific name: Lycosidae

Example: Photo by natalya_eromasova / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• arachnid

[ kham ]

n.    shaman, shamaness

Source: First edition

[ möge ]

n.    wrestler

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• sport

[ kadarčy ]

n.    shepherd, herder

Source: First edition

noun phrase    common redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    tufted duck

Scientific name: Aythya fuligula

Example: Photo by Frans Vandewalle / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    goldcrest

Scientific name: Regulus regulus

Example: Photo by vorden / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kažaa ]

n.    corral

Source: First edition

noun    bittern

Scientific name: Botaurinae

Example: Photo by Steve Chilton / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ dooraar ]

v.    chop

Source: First edition

[ čügen ]

n.    bridle

Source: First edition

noun    spotted nutcracker

Scientific name: Nucifraga caryocatactes

Example: Photo by maria_tomsk / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ khuvaanak ]

n.    divining stones (typically, a set of 41 smooth pebbles kept in a pouch, laid out ritually for divination)

Source: First edition

noun phrase    mongolian lark

Scientific name: Melanocorypha mongolica

Example: Photo by yuchingtam / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    song thrush

Scientific name: Turdus philomelos

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    shaman’s costume (feathered headdress, ribboned coat)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 50

Semantic domains:

• shamanism

[ čövüree ]

n.    bark

Source: First edition

[ kadarčy ]

n.    herder

Source: First edition

[ sapyk ]

n.    boot

Source: First edition

[ kys ]

n.    girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• kinship

noun phrase    red-necked phalarope

Scientific name: Phalaropus lobatus

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    rosy starling

Scientific name: Pastor roseus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    seagull

Scientific name: Laridae

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    earthworm

Scientific name: Lumbricus terrestris

Example: Photo by ktcorson / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• worm

[ yjaš ]

n.    wood

Source: First edition

noun    viviparous lizard

Scientific name: Zootoca vivipara

Example: Photo by mikvik / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• reptile

noun    brown hare

Scientific name: Lepus europaeus

Example: Photo by deniszhbir / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ sandaj ]

n.    chair, stool, bench

Source: First edition

noun phrase    citrine wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla citreola

Example: Photo by at0m / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    eurasian hoopoe

Scientific name: Upupa epops

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    gray wolf

Scientific name: Canis lupus

Example: Photo by taimyr / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    white wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla alba

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    hawfinch

Scientific name: Coccothraustes coccothraustes

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Pallas’s sandgrouse

Scientific name: Syrrhaptes paradoxus

Example: Photo by andriy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ batkan sug ]

n.    stream

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• geography

noun phrase    yellow-breasted bunting

Scientific name: Emberiza aureola

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    long-tailed ground squirrel

Scientific name: Urocitellus undulatus

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    black-tailed skimmer

Scientific name: Orthetrum cancellatum

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• insect