Tuvan English

[a] c. but

Speaker: df

[arn] n. face

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[aa] disc. ritual discourse marker found in tales, adds emphasis to preceding sentence/phrase

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[aadar] v. swing

Source: First edition

[aažok] a. very

Source: First edition

[aažok ööreen] a. enthusiastic

Source: First edition

[aažok khoradančyg (khorannyg), bužar bak] adj. outrageous

Speaker: Sasha

[aažy-čaŋ] n. behavior, character

Source: First edition

[aažy-čaŋy] n. behavior, character

Source: First edition

[aazaar] v. promise

Source: First edition

[aajyndan ertpes] v. obey

Source: First edition

noun campsite (of nomads)

Source: Dongak 2018, page 35,

noun phrase, noun wife (literally - inner side of the yurt)

noun phrase, noun husband (literally - master of the yurt)

[aal, ög] n. campsite, encampment, cluster of several yurts

Source: First edition

[aalčy] n. guest, visitor

Source: First edition

[aalčylar bažyŋy] n. hotel

Source: First edition

[aalynda] a. home, at

Source: First edition

[aalynče] adv. homewards

Source: First edition

[aan] adv. later

Source: First edition

[aar] a. heavy

Source: First edition

[aar örtektig] adj. costly

Speaker: Sasha

[aar örtektig] adj. precious

Speaker: Sasha

[aar čüve, čühk] n. cargo

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[aar-berge] a. desparate

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[aaržy] n. cheese curd (dried in the form of hard granules)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[aartyr] v. hurt

Speaker: Sasha

[aary] n. burden

Source: First edition

[aary] n. weight

Speaker: Sasha

[aary, aar čüve, aar čühk] n. burden

Source: First edition

[aaryg] adj. sick, ill

Speaker: Sasha

[aaryg] n. 1. pain, 2. illness

Source: First edition

[aaryg, aaryškylyy] n. pain

Source: First edition

[aaryškylyg] adj. painful

Speaker: Sasha

[aaryškylyy] n. pain, illness

Source: First edition

[aaryškylyy, aaryg] n. illness

Source: First edition

[aas] adj. oral

Speaker: Sasha

[aas] n. lid

Source: First edition

[aas kežik čok] a. unhappy

Source: First edition

[aas čogaaly] n. folklore

Source: First edition

[aas-dyl] n. gossip

Speaker: Sasha

[aas-dyl ündüreri, skandal (r)] n. scandal

Speaker: Sasha

[aas-kežik] n. luck, happiness

Source: First edition

[aas-kežik čok] a. unlucky

Source: First edition

[aas-kežiktig tavarylga] n. lucky (fortunate) coincidence

Source: First edition

[aas, aks] n. mouth

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[aaspyrak] a. rude, sharp-tongued

Source: First edition

[aattynar] v. swing

Source: First edition

[abstraktylyg] a. abstract

Source: First edition

[ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

[ava, avam, avaj] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother

[avaangyr] a. adroit

Source: First edition

[avaangyr, kapšagaj] a. adroit

Source: First edition

noun mommy

[avarija] n. accident, car crash

Source: First edition

[avarija, üreliniiškin] n. accident, car crash

Source: First edition

[avtobus] n. bus

Source: First edition

[avtomattyg] adj. automatic

Speaker: Sasha

[avtonomnug] adj. autonomous

Speaker: Sasha

[avtor] n. author

Source: First edition

noun huge many-headed serpent

Source: Simchit 2010, page 125, 136

[agaar] n. air

Source: First edition

[agaar] n. weather

Source: First edition

[agaar] n. breath

Source: First edition

[agaar oruu] n. airline

Source: First edition

[agaar oruu, samoljottar užar oruk] n. airline

Source: First edition

[agaar-bojdus] n. climate

Source: First edition

[agaar-bojdus, klimat] n. climate

Source: First edition

noun phrase common chaffinch

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Fringilla coelebs

[agaar, atmosfera (r)] n. atmosphere

Speaker: Sasha

[agaar, pogoda] n. weather

Source: First edition

[agaarlaar] v. go for a walk

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun willow ptarmigan

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Lagopus lagopus

[agar] v. flow

Source: First edition

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

[agentilel] n. agency

Speaker: Sasha

noun shaman’s helper during shamanzing ritual

Source: Simchit 2010, page 23

[agyynak, aganak] n. white partridge

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase father sky (sky is father, earth is mother)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 84

noun phrase paternal relative

[ada-] v. (stem) call

Speaker: df

[ada-ije] adj. parental

Speaker: Sasha

[ada-ije] n. parents

Source: First edition

[ada-ije] n. parent

Speaker: Sasha

noun phrase noble shaman of water origin

Source: Simchit 2010, page 36

noun father

[ada, ačaj] n. dad

Speaker: Sasha

[adaan] adj. called

Speaker: Sasha

[adaan möörej] n. archery competition

Source: First edition

[adaan-öžeennig] a. hostile

Source: First edition

[adaan-öžeennig, öžeennig] a. hostile

Source: First edition

[adaanga] p. under

Source: First edition

[adaanda] p. under

Source: First edition

[adaanda] p. down, below, under

Source: First edition

[adaanda, aldynga] p. below

Source: First edition

[adaannažyp bolur, konkurentsija kylyp bolur] adj. competitive

Speaker: Sasha

[adaanče] p. under

Source: First edition

[adaar] v. pronounce

Source: First edition

[adaar] v. title

Speaker: Sasha