Tuvan English

[ažyp kalgan, ažyp baksyraan] a. rancid

Source: First edition

[ažyp erter] v. overcome

Speaker: Sasha

[azhyr] p. across

Speaker: df

[ažyrar, emin erttirer, erter] v. exceed

Speaker: Sasha

[ažyrbas] n. welcome (you’re welcome)

Source: First edition

[ažyrbas] n. nothing, it’s

Source: First edition

[ažyttynar] v. open

Source: First edition

[aza] n. Satan, devil

Source: First edition

noun devil

Source: Simchit 2010, page 91

noun phrase feather grass (literally - devil’s arrow)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 129

noun phrase devil’s world, hell

Source: Simchit 2010, page 96

[aza orany] n. hell (myth.)

Source: First edition

noun phrase devil shaman (the synonym of "black shaman")

Source: Simchit 2010, page 29

noun phrase devil’s area (domain)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 96

noun phrase devil’s land

Source: Simchit 2010, page 96

noun phrase hell (literally land of devils)

noun devils (in collective meaning)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 128

noun tumbleweed (literally - devil’s hat)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 129

noun devils (in collective meaning)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 128

noun allegorical name of Erlik, the lord of the under world (literally - The Devil Lord or The Devil Khan)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 107

noun devils (in collective meaning used by the Tuvans from Todja region)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 128

noun devils (in collective meaning)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 128

noun devils (in collective meaning)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 128

noun disapproving name of a dog (literally - a dog bringning the devil)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 129

noun devils (in collective meaning)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 128

noun devils (in collective meaning)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 128

noun devils (in collective meaning)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 128

verb become possessed by evil spirit

Source: Simchit 2010, page 130

[azar] v. hang

Source: First edition

[azar] v. lose one’s way, get lost

Source: First edition

[azar] phr. v. hang up

Speaker: Sasha

noun phrase azar sky (the name of one of the levels of the "upper world" where "azarlar" live

Source: Simchit 2010, page 84

noun azarlar (celestials of the upper world)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 115

noun celestial bodies

[azijat, azijaniŋ] adj. asian

Speaker: Sasha

[azy] disc. or not

Source: First edition

[azy] c. or

Source: First edition

[azy] disc. or not (at the end of a yes/no question), is(n’t) it?

Source: First edition

[azyg] n. angle

Source: First edition

[azyg] n. angle, corner

Source: First edition

[azyg (diš)] n. fang

Source: First edition

[azyg, buluŋ] n. corner

Source: First edition

[azyraan (oglu)] adj. foster

Speaker: Sasha

noun phrase adoptive mother

noun phrase adoptive father

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - adopted daughter/son)

[azyranyr] v. feed self, survive

Source: First edition

[azyrar] v. sneeze

Source: First edition

[azyrar, azyryptar, aspyrar] v. sneeze

Source: First edition

[aj] n. month

Source: First edition

[aj] n. moon

Source: First edition

[aj] n. 1. month, 2. moon

Source: First edition

[aj büdüzünde] adj. monthly

Speaker: Sasha

[aj demdee] n. menstruation

Source: First edition

[aj demdee] n. menstruation, period

Source: First edition

noun phrase divine moon (respectful name of the moon (literally - the moon-divine)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 108

[ajbylaar] v. send

Source: First edition

[ajbyčy] n. servant

Source: First edition

[ajdyŋ] n. moonlight

Source: First edition

noun phrase thrush nightingale

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Luscinia luscinia

noun phrase bluethroat

Example: Photo by gonkem1986 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Luscinia svecica

noun phrase eurasian jay

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Garrulus glandarius

[ajmadyr] v. discourage

Source: First edition

[ajmak] n. aimak (administrative territory)

Source: First edition

[ajmak] n. ancestry, tribe

Source: First edition

[ajmak] n. species

Source: First edition

[ajmak] n. 1. ancestry, tribe 2. aimak (administrative territory) 3. species (Biol.)

Source: First edition

[ajmak, söök] n. tribe, clan

Source: First edition

[ajoo] disc. wow! (exclamation of surprise)

Source: First edition

[ajtyp tanyštyrar] v. acquaint

Source: First edition

[ajtyp tanyštyrar, körgüzüp tanyštyrar, tanyštyrar] v. acquaint

Source: First edition

[ajtyrar] v. ask

Source: First edition

[ajtyryg] n. issue

Source: First edition

[ajtyryg] n. 1. question, 2. problem

Source: First edition

noun blessed energy (coming from the depictions of saints in buddhism and from reading prayers)

[ajyyl] n. danger

Source: First edition

[ajyyl] n. disaster

Source: First edition

[ajyyl khalak čedirbezi] n. security

Speaker: Sasha

[ajyyl čogu] n. safety

Speaker: Sasha

[ajyyl čok] a. safe

Source: First edition

[ajyyl, ondak] n. risk

Speaker: Sasha

[ajyyldyg] a. dangerous

Source: First edition

[ajyyldyg (ondaktyg, ozaldyg, baš mungaš) čüve kylyr] v. risk

Speaker: Sasha

[ajyyldyg, ondaktyg, ozaldyg] adj. risky

Speaker: Sasha

[ak] a. white

Source: First edition

[ak] a. white (color term), grey (hair)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase envy, slander (lterally white mouth-tongue)

noun phrase white noble tree

Source: Dongak 2018, page 36,

noun phrase white sky (meaning the world of goodness)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 29

noun phrase shaman from the white sky

Source: Simchit 2010, page 29

noun phrase white-skinned (allegorical name of shaman, literally - with white skin)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 24

[ak kök] a. sky-blue, light blue

Source: First edition

[ak setkildig] a. honest (pure-hearted, clean-minded, of pure conscience)

Source: First edition

[ak setkildig] a. honest, pure-hearted, clean-minded, of pure conscience

Source: First edition

noun phrase white soul (meaning fair and kind soul)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 30

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

noun phrase common redstart

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

noun phrase white shaman

Source: Simchit 2010, page 29

[ak khendir] n. flax

Source: First edition

[ak khendir, ljon, naryn khendir] n. flax

Source: First edition