Tuvan English

[yglaar] v. cry

Source: First edition

[yglaar] v. weep

Source: First edition

[yglaar-syktaar] v. cry

Source: First edition

[yglaar, syktaar] v. cry

Source: First edition

[yglap badyryptar] phr. v. burst in

Speaker: Sasha

[ydar] v. send

Source: First edition

[ydar] v. tell

Source: First edition

[ydyk] a. holy, sacred

Source: First edition

[ydyk kiži, burgančaan kiži, bujannyg kiži] n. saint

Speaker: Sasha

noun phrase blessed (sacred) animal (livestock)

Source: Dongak 2018, page 33,

noun phrase one of shaman items (literally sacred arrow)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 68,

noun phrase blessing of livestock

Source: Dongak 2018, page 29,

[yžar] v. swell up

Source: First edition

[yžyk] n. swelling

Source: First edition

noun phrase noble shaman of universe origin

Source: Simchit 2010, page 36,

noun phrase noble shaman of shaman origin

Source: Simchit 2010, page 36,

noun phrase noble shaman of Earth origin

Source: Simchit 2010, page 36,

[yzyrar] v. bite

Source: First edition

[yzyrar] v. sting, bite (e.g., insect)

Source: First edition

[yzyrar čüvezi] n. stinger

Source: First edition

noun Eurasian eagle-owl

Example: Photo by hhempelmann / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Bubo bubo

[ylavylaar, todaradyr] v. specify

Speaker: Sasha

[ylavylap köör] v. consider

Source: First edition

[ylap] a. probably

Source: First edition

[ylap] adv. really, completely, absolutely

Source: First edition

[ylap] adv. really, truly

Source: First edition

[ylap bilir bolur] adj. sure

Speaker: Sasha

[ylap, ylap šyn] adv. really, completely, absolutely

Source: First edition

[ylaptyg] a. authentic

Source: First edition

[ylgaar] v. choose

Source: First edition

[ylgaar, ylgap köör] v. distinguish

Speaker: Sasha

[ylgal] n. difference

Source: First edition

[ylgal čok] adj. identical

Speaker: Sasha

[ylgalyr] v. differ

Source: First edition

[ylgalyr, onzalanyr] phr. v. stand out

Speaker: Sasha

[ylgalyr, ylgattynar] v. differ

Source: First edition

[ylgattynar] v. differ

Source: First edition

[ylčyŋnaar] v. joke

Source: First edition

[ymyraa] n. gnat

Source: First edition

[ynaar] v. agree

Source: First edition

[ynaar] a. there, to there

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[ynavas] v. deny

Source: First edition

[ynaj] p. away from

Speaker: df

[ynak bolur] v. love

Source: First edition

[ynakšaany kiži] n. lover

Source: First edition

[ynakšyl] n. love

Example: харыы чок ынакшыл [kharyy čok ynakšyl] unrequited love

Source: First edition

[ynakšyyr] v. love

Source: First edition

[ynakšyyr, ynak bolur] v. love

Source: First edition

[ynakšyyr, ynakšyj beer] phr. v. fall in (love)

Speaker: Sasha

[ynanyr] v. hope

Source: First edition

[ynanyš] n. hope

Source: First edition

[ynanyš, kordal, idegel, arga] n. chance

Speaker: Sasha

[ynanyštyg büzüreer] v. rely on, trust

Source: First edition

[ynda] a. there

Source: First edition

[ynda-kajda] adv. seldom, once in awhile, infrequently

Source: First edition

[ynda-khaaja (kelir)] adv. seldom, once in awhile

Source: First edition

[ynda-khaaja, khovar, iji-čaŋgys] adj. occasional

Speaker: Sasha

[ynda-khaja] a. seldom

Source: First edition

[yndzha] a. thus

Speaker: df

[yndyg] a. such

Source: First edition

[yndyg be] disc. really?

Source: First edition

[yndyg bolbajn kančaar] disc. of course

Source: First edition

[yndyg bolza-daa] c. but

Source: First edition

[yndyg khevirlig] a. obvious

Source: First edition

[yndyg čadavas] disc. probably, most likely

Source: First edition

[yndyg janzylyg] a. obvious

Source: First edition

[yndynda] p. behind, beyond, away from

Source: First edition

[ynčaarga] c. but

Source: First edition

[ynčal] a. please

Source: First edition

[ynčalza-daa] c. but

Source: First edition

[ynčalzažok] c. but

Source: First edition

[ynčalzažok] c. but, nonetheless

Source: First edition

[ynčangaš] disc. therefore, that’s why

Source: First edition

[ynčangaš] adv. thus(ly)

Source: First edition

[ynčangaš] a. why

Source: First edition

[ynčangaš, mynčangaš] disc. therefore, that’s why

Source: First edition

[ynčanmajn kančaar] disc. of course

Source: First edition

[ynčanmajn kančaar, yndyg bolbajn] adv. course, of course

Source: First edition

[ynčaš ~ inčeš] a. then

Source: First edition

[ynčaš ~ ynčeš] a. then

Source: First edition

[yŋaj] adv. p. away (from), off, further

Source: First edition

[yŋaj] v. go off, move away (from)

Source: First edition

[yr] n. song

Source: First edition

[yraažy] n. singer

Source: First edition

noun phrase song thrush

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Turdus philomelos

[yrak] adj. distant

Speaker: Sasha

[yrak] adj. remote

Speaker: Sasha

noun phrase distant relative

[yrak(ky)] a. far

Source: First edition

[yrakta] p. afar

Source: First edition

[yrakta] p. beyond, far away

Source: First edition

[yraktan] p. afar, from

Source: First edition

[yrakče] p. afar, to

Source: First edition

[yrbaar] v. alter

Source: First edition

[yrgajtyr] v. bend

Source: First edition

[yrgajtyr, yrgajar] v. bend

Source: First edition

[yrgak] a. crooked, bent

Source: First edition

[yrgak buttug] a. bow-legged

Source: First edition

[yrgak, dagyr buttug] a. bow-legged

Source: First edition

[yrgajar] v. bend

Source: First edition