Tuvan English

noun phrase white sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

proper name supreme god

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of darkness)

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

proper name name of the main god (literally universe-world)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

proper name name of a fantastic bird

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

noun phrase hell (literally land of devils)

noun celestial bodies

noun blessed energy (coming from the depictions of saints in buddhism and from reading prayers)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

noun phrase under world / hell

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun wandering lamas tradesmen

noun phrase round bread

noun / verb animist ritual, tribal prayings (holiday)

noun board cut

noun phrase life soul

verb phrase send curses

noun phrase a person suffering in his/her life of some kind of harmness / obsticle

noun doll mockup made out of dead person’s clothes

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the 40th day (literally 40 days)

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun blessing, parting wishes/words, wishes

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black sky

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black asronomy

noun big drum (used by lamas)

verb phrase shaman ritual of diverting anger

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun phrase lama-astrologer

noun paper strips with mantras

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase silver breath (good physical shape)

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

noun defenders of teaching (Buddist faith)

noun buddhist monk community

noun local spirit-master

noun phrase ritual to remember those who died last year during the ritual of worshiping sacred tree in the fall

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun ritual of reading prayers and offering ’prayed’ vodka to the local spirit-master

noun liver pieces wrapped in interior fat

noun phrase another world (literally Northen edge)

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

noun potential

noun phrase people who are engaged in transportation and burial (literally those who bury bones)

noun sack of white color

noun phrase afterlife world for bad people

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun small timpani

noun / noun phrase breath of life / soul

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun phrase white caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun phrase the direction of the harm (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun small stones for fortune-telling (used by shamans)

noun pl young acolyte

noun ritual of cleansing face and hands after the funerals

noun ritual of calling on happiness (in lamaism)

noun summer tent (in modern Tuvan - barn)

noun summer camp

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase under world / hell (literally bottom of the world)

noun phrase cave (literally mouth of the earth)

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun phrase agalmatolite (stone used in Tuvan stone carving)

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

noun basics of buddhist astrology

noun phrase spirits of the camp

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

noun stick

noun scraper

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase wooden spoon or trowel used to "feed" (coax) the spirits of dead people (literally three eyes)

noun destination and deeds

noun fate

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition