Tuvan English

proper name Great Yenisei River

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of darkness)

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

noun phrase name of the upper world - homeland of star shamans

proper name name of the main god (literally universe-world)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

noun celestial bodies

noun blessed energy (coming from the depictions of saints in buddhism and from reading prayers)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun ritual of cleansing

noun phrase master of the spring water

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun pay for shaman services

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun travelling lamas walking around camps and reading prayers

noun wandering lamas tradesmen

noun phrase grey soul (which stays on earth and bothers life relatives)

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun / verb animist ritual, tribal prayings (holiday)

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun board cut

noun doll mockup made out of dead person’s clothes

noun honorable place of the master of the home

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the 40th day (literally 40 days)

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun phrase black sky

noun phrase black asronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

noun big drum (used by lamas)

verb phrase shaman ritual of diverting anger

noun mind, consciousness

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun phrase lama-astrologer

noun Tuvan flute

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun universe

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

noun defenders of teaching (Buddist faith)

noun buddhist monk community

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

noun liver pieces wrapped in interior fat

noun phrase another world (literally Northen edge)

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

noun potential

noun phrase ways of soul to extract the curse out of a body practiced by shamans

noun bloodline (litreally bone)

noun sack of white color

noun hell

noun phrase afterlife world for bad people

noun mantra

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

[tos-karak] n. a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase she-shaman (literally shaman-woman)

noun phrase shaman tree

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun phrase blood related people who inherit the knowledge and experience of noble bloodline of shamans

verb phrase final stage of shaman ritual (literally closing of chimney (the hole on the top of the yurt))

noun phrase life energy

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase boiled (cooked) sheep leg

verb phrase to pay for shaman services (literally to whiten hands)

noun phrase the direction of the harm (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun curse

noun chosen person who can manage the special stone

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase hair lasso of handicraft production

noun phrase under world / hell (literally bottom of the world)

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun phrase the direction of thу evil spirits / devils (unfavorable geographical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun phrase agalmatolite (stone used in Tuvan stone carving)

noun hell

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

noun scraper

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun destination and deeds

noun fate

noun phrase dead soul

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition