Tuvan English

noun phrase white sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

proper name name of a supreme god (lireally sky)

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

proper name names of the main god

noun phrase Orion

noun phrase name of the upper world - homeland of star shamans

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

proper name name of a fantastic bird

noun phrase hell (literally land of devils)

noun phrase envy, slander (lterally white mouth-tongue)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase master of the spring water

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun pay for shaman services

noun wandering lamas tradesmen

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase grey soul (which stays on earth and bothers life relatives)

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun board cut

noun phrase life soul

noun shaman drum

noun honorable place of the master of the home

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the 40th day (literally 40 days)

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black asronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

verb phrase shaman ritual of diverting anger

noun phrase main soul

noun phrase lama-astrologer

noun Tuvan flute

noun paper strips with mantras

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase silver breath (good physical shape)

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

noun grave (literally hole)

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

verb phrase ritual of burning a sacral fire

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun local spirit-master

noun phrase ritual to remember those who died last year during the ritual of worshiping sacred tree in the fall

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun ritual of reading prayers and offering ’prayed’ vodka to the local spirit-master

noun phrase element (used at calculation to define the birthdate of a person by shamans)

noun phrase another world (literally Northen edge)

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

noun potential

noun bloodline (litreally bone)

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

verb phrase shaman ritual aiming the spirits of taiga

noun phrase master of taiga

noun hell

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

noun small timpani

[tos-karak] n. a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

noun / noun phrase breath of life / soul

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase shaman tree

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun phrase devil’s bird - messenger of death

noun ritual of cleansing face and hands after the funerals

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer camp

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase hair lasso of handicraft production

noun phrase under world / hell (literally bottom of the world)

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun phrase master of the land

noun phrase the direction of thу evil spirits / devils (unfavorable geographical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun basics of buddhist astrology

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthdate of a person

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

noun stick

verb phrase euphemism - die suddenly (literally gone with smoke)

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun phrase wooden spoon or trowel used to "feed" (coax) the spirits of dead people (literally three eyes)

noun fate

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition