Tuvan English

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

noun phrase Orion

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

noun phrase nine skys (in shamanism meaning nine worlds of the upper universe)

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

proper name name of a fantastic bird

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

proper name name of the master of the under world

noun celestial bodies

noun blessed energy (coming from the depictions of saints in buddhism and from reading prayers)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun ritual of cleansing

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase grey soul (which stays on earth and bothers life relatives)

noun phrase round bread

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

noun board cut

verb phrase send curses

noun doll mockup made out of dead person’s clothes

noun shaman drum

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the 40th day (literally 40 days)

noun blessing, parting wishes/words, wishes

noun phrase fights (quarells), scolding, scandals (literally black mouth-tongue)

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black sky

noun phrase black asronomy

noun big drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase main soul

noun mind, consciousness

noun phrase red caragana (Siberian peashrub)

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun Tuvan flute

noun phrase silver breath (good physical shape)

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun grave (literally hole)

verb phrase ritual of burning a sacral fire

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun buddhist monk community

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun local spirit-master

noun phrase ritual to remember those who died last year during the ritual of worshiping sacred tree in the fall

noun ritual of reading prayers and offering ’prayed’ vodka to the local spirit-master

noun liver pieces wrapped in interior fat

noun phrase another world (literally Northen edge)

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun / noun phrase soul

noun phrase people who are engaged in transportation and burial (literally those who bury bones)

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

verb phrase shaman ritual aiming the spirits of taiga

noun phrase afterlife world for bad people

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun mantra

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

noun small timpani

[tos-karak] n. a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

noun / noun phrase breath of life / soul

noun phrase shaman of sky origin

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun phrase blood related people who inherit the knowledge and experience of noble bloodline of shamans

noun smoke hole

verb phrase final stage of shaman ritual (literally closing of chimney (the hole on the top of the yurt))

noun phrase devil’s bird - messenger of death

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase boiled (cooked) sheep leg

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer camp

noun curse

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase under world / hell (literally bottom of the world)

noun phrase cave (literally mouth of the earth)

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun phrase the direction of thу evil spirits / devils (unfavorable geographical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun phrase agalmatolite (stone used in Tuvan stone carving)

noun hell

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

noun buddhist fortune telling on bones

noun stick

verb phrase euphemism - die suddenly (literally gone with smoke)

noun phrase mourning, grave sign

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun destination and deeds

noun phrase dead soul

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition