Tuvan English

proper name Great Yenisei River

proper name name of a supreme god (lireally sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally top of sky)

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

proper name names of the main god

noun phrase Orion

noun phrase name of the upper world - homeland of star shamans

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

noun phrase hell (literally land of devils)

noun blessed energy (coming from the depictions of saints in buddhism and from reading prayers)

noun phrase envy, slander (lterally white mouth-tongue)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun ritual of cleansing

noun phrase master of the spring water

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally this universe / world)

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

noun phrase a person suffering in his/her life of some kind of harmness / obsticle

noun doll mockup made out of dead person’s clothes

noun shaman drum

noun honorable place of the master of the home

noun Mongolian calendar

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

verb phrase shaman ritual of diverting anger

noun mind, consciousness

noun phrase red breath (the last sigh)

noun phrase red caragana (Siberian peashrub)

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun phrase lama-astrologer

noun Tuvan flute

noun paper strips with mantras

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun grave (literally hole)

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally yellow universe / world)

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun liver pieces wrapped in interior fat

noun phrase element (used at calculation to define the birthdate of a person by shamans)

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

noun phrase people who are engaged in transportation and burial (literally those who bury bones)

noun hell

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun mantra

noun small timpani

[tos-karak] n. a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase she-shaman (literally shaman-woman)

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun smoke hole

verb phrase final stage of shaman ritual (literally closing of chimney (the hole on the top of the yurt))

noun phrase devil’s bird - messenger of death

noun phrase life energy

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase boiled (cooked) sheep leg

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun small stones for fortune-telling (used by shamans)

noun ritual of cleansing face and hands after the funerals

noun ritual of calling on happiness (in lamaism)

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer tent (in modern Tuvan - barn)

noun chosen person who can manage the special stone

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun phrase master of the land

noun phrase the direction of thу evil spirits / devils (unfavorable geographical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun luck in hunting

noun phrase agalmatolite (stone used in Tuvan stone carving)

noun phrase spirits of the camp

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthdate of a person

noun buddhist fortune telling on bones

noun phrase mourning, grave sign

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun destination and deeds

noun fate