Tuvan English

proper name name of a supreme god (lireally sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally top of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

proper name name of a fantastic bird

proper name name of the master of the under world

noun phrase hell (literally land of devils)

noun celestial bodies

noun phrase envy, slander (lterally white mouth-tongue)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun ritual of cleansing

noun phrase master of the spring water

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally this universe / world)

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase grey soul (which stays on earth and bothers life relatives)

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase round bread

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

noun board cut

noun phrase life soul

verb phrase send curses

noun phrase middle soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun shaman drum

noun Mongolian calendar

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase black asronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

noun big drum (used by lamas)

verb phrase shaman ritual of diverting anger

noun phrase red breath (the last sigh)

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun grave (literally hole)

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

noun defenders of teaching (Buddist faith)

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally yellow universe / world)

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun ritual of reading prayers and offering ’prayed’ vodka to the local spirit-master

noun phrase element (used at calculation to define the birthdate of a person by shamans)

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun phrase ways of soul to extract the curse out of a body practiced by shamans

noun bloodline (litreally bone)

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

verb phrase shaman ritual aiming the spirits of taiga

noun phrase master of taiga

noun hell

noun phrase afterlife world for bad people

noun mantra

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

noun small timpani

noun phrase shaman of sky origin

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase she-shaman (literally shaman-woman)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun phrase blood related people who inherit the knowledge and experience of noble bloodline of shamans

verb phrase final stage of shaman ritual (literally closing of chimney (the hole on the top of the yurt))

noun phrase devil’s bird - messenger of death

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

verb phrase to pay for shaman services (literally to whiten hands)

noun phrase white caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun phrase the direction of the harm (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun prayer service on recovery of a sick person

noun summer tent (in modern Tuvan - barn)

noun summer camp

noun chosen person who can manage the special stone

noun phrase under world / hell (literally bottom of the world)

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase master of the land

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun luck in hunting

noun phrase agalmatolite (stone used in Tuvan stone carving)

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

noun basics of buddhist astrology

noun phrase spirits of the camp

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

verb phrase suicide or death through the fault of doctors - euphemism (literally he/she couldn’t stand it any more)

noun stick

noun scraper

verb phrase euphemism - die suddenly (literally gone with smoke)

noun phrase mourning, grave sign

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase wooden spoon or trowel used to "feed" (coax) the spirits of dead people (literally three eyes)

noun destination and deeds