Tuvan English

proper name Great Yenisei River

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally top of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of darkness)

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

proper name names of the main god

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

proper name name of a fantastic bird

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

proper name name of the master of the under world

noun phrase hell (literally land of devils)

noun celestial bodies

noun phrase envy, slander (lterally white mouth-tongue)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally this universe / world)

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase round bread

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase life soul

noun phrase a person suffering in his/her life of some kind of harmness / obsticle

noun phrase middle soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun shaman drum

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black asronomy

verb phrase shaman ritual of diverting anger

noun mind, consciousness

noun phrase red breath (the last sigh)

noun phrase red caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun Tuvan flute

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun grave (literally hole)

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun local spirit-master

noun phrase ritual to remember those who died last year during the ritual of worshiping sacred tree in the fall

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally yellow universe / world)

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun ritual of reading prayers and offering ’prayed’ vodka to the local spirit-master

noun phrase people who are engaged in transportation and burial (literally those who bury bones)

noun sack of white color

verb phrase shaman ritual aiming the spirits of taiga

noun phrase master of taiga

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun mantra

noun small timpani

[tos-karak] n. a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

noun / noun phrase breath of life / soul

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase shaman tree

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun phrase blood related people who inherit the knowledge and experience of noble bloodline of shamans

noun smoke hole

verb phrase final stage of shaman ritual (literally closing of chimney (the hole on the top of the yurt))

noun phrase life energy

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

verb phrase to pay for shaman services (literally to whiten hands)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun prayer service on recovery of a sick person

noun small stones for fortune-telling (used by shamans)

noun pl young acolyte

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer camp

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun curse

noun phrase hair lasso of handicraft production

noun phrase cave (literally mouth of the earth)

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun hell

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

noun basics of buddhist astrology

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun buddhist fortune telling on bones

verb phrase euphemism - die suddenly (literally gone with smoke)

noun phrase mourning, grave sign

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun destination and deeds

noun fate

noun phrase dead soul

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition