Tuvan English

proper name supreme god

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally top of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of darkness)

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

proper name names of the main god

noun phrase Orion

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

noun phrase nine skys (in shamanism meaning nine worlds of the upper universe)

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

noun phrase hell (literally land of devils)

noun phrase envy, slander (lterally white mouth-tongue)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun phrase under world / hell

noun ritual of cleansing

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun pay for shaman services

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase life soul

noun phrase a person suffering in his/her life of some kind of harmness / obsticle

noun doll mockup made out of dead person’s clothes

noun shaman drum

noun Mongolian calendar

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase fights (quarells), scolding, scandals (literally black mouth-tongue)

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

noun mind, consciousness

noun phrase red breath (the last sigh)

noun phrase red caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun phrase lama-astrologer

noun paper strips with mantras

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun phrase silver breath (good physical shape)

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun universe

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

verb phrase ritual of burning a sacral fire

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally yellow universe / world)

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

noun phrase element (used at calculation to define the birthdate of a person by shamans)

noun phrase another world (literally Northen edge)

noun spirit, life force

noun phrase ways of soul to extract the curse out of a body practiced by shamans

noun bloodline (litreally bone)

noun phrase people who are engaged in transportation and burial (literally those who bury bones)

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

noun sack of white color

noun phrase master of taiga

noun hell

noun phrase afterlife world for bad people

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

noun phrase shaman of sky origin

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase shaman tree

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun phrase blood related people who inherit the knowledge and experience of noble bloodline of shamans

noun smoke hole

noun phrase devil’s bird - messenger of death

noun phrase life energy

noun phrase boiled (cooked) sheep leg

noun phrase white caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun phrase the direction of the harm (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun prayer service on recovery of a sick person

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer camp

noun chosen person who can manage the special stone

noun phrase hair lasso of handicraft production

noun phrase cave (literally mouth of the earth)

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun phrase master of the land

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun luck in hunting

noun phrase agalmatolite (stone used in Tuvan stone carving)

noun hell

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

noun phrase spirits of the camp

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

verb phrase suicide or death through the fault of doctors - euphemism (literally he/she couldn’t stand it any more)

noun scraper

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun fate

noun phrase dead soul

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition