Tuvan English

proper name supreme god

proper name name of a supreme god (lireally sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

noun phrase name of the upper world - homeland of star shamans

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

noun phrase nine skys (in shamanism meaning nine worlds of the upper universe)

proper name name of a fantastic bird

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

noun blessed energy (coming from the depictions of saints in buddhism and from reading prayers)

noun ritual of cleansing

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun pay for shaman services

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally this universe / world)

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase grey soul (which stays on earth and bothers life relatives)

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

verb phrase send curses

noun doll mockup made out of dead person’s clothes

noun honorable place of the master of the home

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase black asronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

noun big drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase main soul

noun mind, consciousness

noun phrase red caragana (Siberian peashrub)

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun phrase lama-astrologer

noun Tuvan flute

noun paper strips with mantras

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

noun grave (literally hole)

noun universe

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

verb phrase ritual of burning a sacral fire

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally yellow universe / world)

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun liver pieces wrapped in interior fat

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun / noun phrase soul

noun potential

noun bloodline (litreally bone)

noun phrase people who are engaged in transportation and burial (literally those who bury bones)

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

noun sack of white color

noun phrase master of taiga

noun phrase afterlife world for bad people

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun small timpani

noun / noun phrase breath of life / soul

noun phrase shaman of sky origin

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase she-shaman (literally shaman-woman)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun smoke hole

noun phrase devil’s bird - messenger of death

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

verb phrase to pay for shaman services (literally to whiten hands)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun prayer service on recovery of a sick person

noun small stones for fortune-telling (used by shamans)

noun ritual of calling on happiness (in lamaism)

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer tent (in modern Tuvan - barn)

noun summer camp

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun phrase hair lasso of handicraft production

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase master of the land

noun phrase the direction of thу evil spirits / devils (unfavorable geographical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthdate of a person

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

noun buddhist fortune telling on bones

verb phrase suicide or death through the fault of doctors - euphemism (literally he/she couldn’t stand it any more)

noun scraper

verb phrase euphemism - die suddenly (literally gone with smoke)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun destination and deeds

noun phrase dead soul