Tuvan English

proper name Great Yenisei River

proper name supreme god

noun phrase Milky way (literally top of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

proper name names of the main god

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

noun phrase nine skys (in shamanism meaning nine worlds of the upper universe)

proper name name of a fantastic bird

proper name name of the master of the under world

noun celestial bodies

noun blessed energy (coming from the depictions of saints in buddhism and from reading prayers)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

noun phrase under world / hell

noun ritual of cleansing

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun travelling lamas walking around camps and reading prayers

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally this universe / world)

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

noun / verb animist ritual, tribal prayings (holiday)

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

verb phrase send curses

noun phrase a person suffering in his/her life of some kind of harmness / obsticle

noun Mongolian calendar

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun blessing, parting wishes/words, wishes

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase black sky

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black astronomy

noun big drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase main soul

noun mind, consciousness

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun phrase lama-astrologer

noun Tuvan flute

noun paper strips with mantras

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase silver breath (good physical shape)

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun universe

verb phrase ritual of burning a sacral fire

noun buddhist monk community

noun local spirit-master

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally yellow universe / world)

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun ritual of reading prayers and offering ’prayed’ vodka to the local spirit-master

noun liver pieces wrapped in interior fat

noun phrase another world (literally Northen edge)

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

noun potential

noun phrase ways of soul to extract the curse out of a body practiced by shamans

noun bloodline (litreally bone)

noun phrase master of taiga

noun hell

noun phrase afterlife world for bad people

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun phrase shaman of sky origin

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase she-shaman (literally shaman-woman)

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun phrase blood related people who inherit the knowledge and experience of noble bloodline of shamans

noun smoke hole

noun phrase life energy

noun phrase boiled (cooked) sheep leg

noun phrase white caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun ritual of cleansing face and hands after the funerals

noun summer tent (in modern Tuvan - barn)

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase hair lasso of handicraft production

noun phrase cave (literally mouth of the earth)

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase master of the land

noun luck in hunting

noun hell

noun phrase spirits of the camp

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthdate of a person

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

verb phrase suicide or death through the fault of doctors - euphemism (literally he/she couldn’t stand it any more)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun fate

noun phrase dead soul