Tuvan English

noun phrase white sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

proper name supreme god

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

proper name names of the main god

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

proper name name of a fantastic bird

noun blessed energy (coming from the depictions of saints in buddhism and from reading prayers)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun phrase master of the spring water

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun travelling lamas walking around camps and reading prayers

noun wandering lamas tradesmen

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally this universe / world)

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun board cut

verb phrase send curses

noun phrase a person suffering in his/her life of some kind of harmness / obsticle

noun phrase middle soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the 40th day (literally 40 days)

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun phrase fights (quarells), scolding, scandals (literally black mouth-tongue)

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

verb phrase shaman ritual of diverting anger

noun phrase main soul

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun phrase lama-astrologer

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

noun phrase silver breath (good physical shape)

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun grave (literally hole)

noun universe

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

noun defenders of teaching (Buddist faith)

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun local spirit-master

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

noun ritual of reading prayers and offering ’prayed’ vodka to the local spirit-master

noun phrase another world (literally Northen edge)

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

noun phrase master of taiga

noun hell

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

[tos-karak] n. a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

noun phrase shaman of sky origin

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase she-shaman (literally shaman-woman)

noun phrase blood related people who inherit the knowledge and experience of noble bloodline of shamans

noun smoke hole

noun phrase devil’s bird - messenger of death

noun phrase life energy

noun phrase boiled (cooked) sheep leg

verb phrase to pay for shaman services (literally to whiten hands)

noun phrase white caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun phrase the direction of the harm (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun prayer service on recovery of a sick person

noun small stones for fortune-telling (used by shamans)

noun pl young acolyte

noun ritual of cleansing face and hands after the funerals

noun ritual of calling on happiness (in lamaism)

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun chosen person who can manage the special stone

noun phrase under world / hell (literally bottom of the world)

noun phrase master of the land

noun phrase agalmatolite (stone used in Tuvan stone carving)

noun hell

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

noun phrase spirits of the camp

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

noun scraper

verb phrase euphemism - die suddenly (literally gone with smoke)

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun phrase wooden spoon or trowel used to "feed" (coax) the spirits of dead people (literally three eyes)

noun fate