Tuvan English

noun phrase white sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

proper name name of a supreme god (lireally sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

proper name names of the main god

noun phrase Orion

proper name name of the main god (literally universe-world)

proper name name of a fantastic bird

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun ritual of cleansing

noun phrase master of the spring water

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun travelling lamas walking around camps and reading prayers

noun phrase grey soul (which stays on earth and bothers life relatives)

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

noun / verb animist ritual, tribal prayings (holiday)

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase life soul

noun phrase middle soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun shaman drum

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the 40th day (literally 40 days)

noun Mongolian calendar

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun blessing, parting wishes/words, wishes

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase fights (quarells), scolding, scandals (literally black mouth-tongue)

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

noun big drum (used by lamas)

verb phrase shaman ritual of diverting anger

noun phrase main soul

noun mind, consciousness

noun phrase red breath (the last sigh)

noun phrase red caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun phrase lama-astrologer

noun Tuvan flute

noun paper strips with mantras

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun grave (literally hole)

noun universe

noun defenders of teaching (Buddist faith)

noun buddhist monk community

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun phrase ritual to remember those who died last year during the ritual of worshiping sacred tree in the fall

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

noun phrase ways of soul to extract the curse out of a body practiced by shamans

noun hell

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun mantra

noun small timpani

[tos-karak] n. a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

noun / noun phrase breath of life / soul

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase she-shaman (literally shaman-woman)

noun phrase shaman tree

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun phrase blood related people who inherit the knowledge and experience of noble bloodline of shamans

verb phrase final stage of shaman ritual (literally closing of chimney (the hole on the top of the yurt))

noun phrase life energy

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase boiled (cooked) sheep leg

verb phrase to pay for shaman services (literally to whiten hands)

noun phrase the direction of the harm (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun small stones for fortune-telling (used by shamans)

noun curse

noun chosen person who can manage the special stone

noun phrase hair lasso of handicraft production

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun phrase the direction of thу evil spirits / devils (unfavorable geographical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthdate of a person

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

verb phrase suicide or death through the fault of doctors - euphemism (literally he/she couldn’t stand it any more)

noun scraper

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper sky

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun destination and deeds

noun fate

noun phrase dead soul

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition