Tuvan English

proper name Great Yenisei River

proper name supreme god

proper name name of a supreme god (lireally sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of darkness)

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

proper name names of the main god

proper name name of the main god (literally universe-world)

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

noun phrase hell (literally land of devils)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun phrase master of the spring water

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun pay for shaman services

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun travelling lamas walking around camps and reading prayers

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase round bread

noun / verb animist ritual, tribal prayings (holiday)

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase life soul

verb phrase send curses

noun phrase a person suffering in his/her life of some kind of harmness / obsticle

noun phrase middle soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun shaman drum

noun honorable place of the master of the home

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the 40th day (literally 40 days)

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun blessing, parting wishes/words, wishes

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase fights (quarells), scolding, scandals (literally black mouth-tongue)

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase black sky

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase lama-astrologer

noun Tuvan flute

noun paper strips with mantras

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun grave (literally hole)

noun universe

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

verb phrase ritual of burning a sacral fire

noun defenders of teaching (Buddist faith)

noun buddhist monk community

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally yellow universe / world)

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun bloodline (litreally bone)

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

noun phrase master of taiga

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun mantra

noun small timpani

[tos-karak] n. a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

noun / noun phrase breath of life / soul

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase she-shaman (literally shaman-woman)

noun phrase shaman tree

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun phrase blood related people who inherit the knowledge and experience of noble bloodline of shamans

noun smoke hole

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase boiled (cooked) sheep leg

verb phrase to pay for shaman services (literally to whiten hands)

noun phrase white caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun prayer service on recovery of a sick person

noun ritual of cleansing face and hands after the funerals

noun phrase master of lake

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun curse

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase hair lasso of handicraft production

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun phrase the direction of thу evil spirits / devils (unfavorable geographical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun luck in hunting

noun phrase agalmatolite (stone used in Tuvan stone carving)

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

noun scraper

noun phrase mourning, grave sign

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun destination and deeds

noun fate

noun phrase dead soul