Tuvan English

noun phrase white sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

proper name supreme god

proper name name of a supreme god (lireally sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally top of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of darkness)

noun phrase Orion

noun phrase name of the upper world - homeland of star shamans

proper name name of the main god (literally universe-world)

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

noun phrase nine skys (in shamanism meaning nine worlds of the upper universe)

proper name name of a fantastic bird

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

noun celestial bodies

noun phrase envy, slander (lterally white mouth-tongue)

noun phrase under world / hell

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun pay for shaman services

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally this universe / world)

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase grey soul (which stays on earth and bothers life relatives)

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun board cut

verb phrase send curses

noun shaman drum

noun honorable place of the master of the home

noun Mongolian calendar

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun phrase fights (quarells), scolding, scandals (literally black mouth-tongue)

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black sky

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase black asronomy

noun big drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase main soul

noun paper strips with mantras

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

noun grave (literally hole)

noun universe

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

verb phrase ritual of burning a sacral fire

noun defenders of teaching (Buddist faith)

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun local spirit-master

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun phrase another world (literally Northen edge)

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

noun phrase ways of soul to extract the curse out of a body practiced by shamans

noun phrase people who are engaged in transportation and burial (literally those who bury bones)

noun sack of white color

verb phrase shaman ritual aiming the spirits of taiga

noun phrase master of taiga

noun hell

noun phrase afterlife world for bad people

noun mantra

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

noun / noun phrase breath of life / soul

noun phrase shaman of sky origin

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun phrase she-shaman (literally shaman-woman)

noun phrase shaman tree

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun smoke hole

verb phrase final stage of shaman ritual (literally closing of chimney (the hole on the top of the yurt))

noun phrase devil’s bird - messenger of death

noun phrase boiled (cooked) sheep leg

noun phrase white caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun phrase the direction of the harm (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer camp

noun curse

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase hair lasso of handicraft production

noun phrase cave (literally mouth of the earth)

noun phrase the direction of thу evil spirits / devils (unfavorable geographical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

noun basics of buddhist astrology

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthdate of a person

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

verb phrase euphemism - die suddenly (literally gone with smoke)

noun phrase upper sky

noun phrase wooden spoon or trowel used to "feed" (coax) the spirits of dead people (literally three eyes)

noun fate