Tuvan English

noun phrase white sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

proper name name of a supreme god (lireally sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally top of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase Orion (literally evening Venus)

proper name names of the main god

proper name name of the main god (literally universe-world)

noun phrase nine skys (in shamanism meaning nine worlds of the upper universe)

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

proper name name of the master of the under world

noun phrase hell (literally land of devils)

noun blessed energy (coming from the depictions of saints in buddhism and from reading prayers)

noun phrase envy, slander (lterally white mouth-tongue)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun pay for shaman services

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun wandering lamas tradesmen

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally this universe / world)

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase grey soul (which stays on earth and bothers life relatives)

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

noun phrase round bread

noun / verb animist ritual, tribal prayings (holiday)

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

noun board cut

verb phrase send curses

noun phrase a person suffering in his/her life of some kind of harmness / obsticle

noun doll mockup made out of dead person’s clothes

noun shaman drum

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the 40th day (literally 40 days)

noun Mongolian calendar

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun blessing, parting wishes/words, wishes

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase fights (quarells), scolding, scandals (literally black mouth-tongue)

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

verb phrase shaman ritual of diverting anger

noun mind, consciousness

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun Tuvan flute

noun paper strips with mantras

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

noun universe

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun buddhist monk community

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally yellow universe / world)

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun liver pieces wrapped in interior fat

noun phrase another world (literally Northen edge)

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun potential

noun phrase people who are engaged in transportation and burial (literally those who bury bones)

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

noun phrase master of taiga

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

[tos-karak] n. a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

noun phrase shaman of sky origin

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase devil’s bird - messenger of death

verb phrase to pay for shaman services (literally to whiten hands)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun phrase the direction of the harm (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun small stones for fortune-telling (used by shamans)

noun pl young acolyte

noun ritual of calling on happiness (in lamaism)

noun summer tent (in modern Tuvan - barn)

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

noun basics of buddhist astrology

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthdate of a person

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

noun buddhist fortune telling on bones

noun phrase mourning, grave sign

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun phrase wooden spoon or trowel used to "feed" (coax) the spirits of dead people (literally three eyes)

noun destination and deeds