Tuvan English

proper name supreme god

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally top of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of darkness)

noun phrase Orion

proper name name of the main god (literally universe-world)

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

noun phrase nine skys (in shamanism meaning nine worlds of the upper universe)

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun travelling lamas walking around camps and reading prayers

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally this universe / world)

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

noun phrase round bread

noun / verb animist ritual, tribal prayings (holiday)

verb phrase get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally pass out)

noun board cut

noun phrase a person suffering in his/her life of some kind of harmness / obsticle

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase black sky

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

noun phrase main soul

noun Tuvan flute

noun paper strips with mantras

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase silver breath (good physical shape)

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun universe

noun defenders of teaching (Buddist faith)

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun buddhist monk community

noun local spirit-master

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun ritual of reading prayers and offering ’prayed’ vodka to the local spirit-master

noun liver pieces wrapped in interior fat

noun phrase element (used at calculation to define the birthdate of a person by shamans)

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

noun potential

verb phrase shaman ritual aiming the spirits of taiga

noun phrase master of taiga

noun hell

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

noun small timpani

noun / noun phrase breath of life / soul

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase shaman tree

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun smoke hole

verb phrase final stage of shaman ritual (literally closing of chimney (the hole on the top of the yurt))

noun phrase devil’s bird - messenger of death

noun phrase life energy

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase boiled (cooked) sheep leg

noun pl young acolyte

noun ritual of cleansing face and hands after the funerals

noun ritual of calling on happiness (in lamaism)

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer tent (in modern Tuvan - barn)

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun curse

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun phrase master of the land

noun luck in hunting

noun hell

noun basics of buddhist astrology

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

noun stick

noun scraper

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun phrase wake (funeral repast) on the third day (literally three days)

noun phrase wooden spoon or trowel used to "feed" (coax) the spirits of dead people (literally three eyes)

noun fate

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition