Tuvan English

proper name Great Yenisei River

proper name supreme god

proper name name of a supreme god (lireally sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally top of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

proper name names of the main god

noun phrase Orion

noun phrase name of the upper world - homeland of star shamans

noun phrase nine skys (in shamanism meaning nine worlds of the upper universe)

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

proper name name of a fantastic bird

proper name name of the master of the under world

noun celestial bodies

noun phrase envy, slander (lterally white mouth-tongue)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun phrase under world / hell

noun ritual of cleansing

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun pay for shaman services

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun travelling lamas walking around camps and reading prayers

noun wandering lamas tradesmen

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase grey soul (which stays on earth and bothers life relatives)

noun phrase round bread

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase life soul

verb phrase send curses

noun doll mockup made out of dead person’s clothes

noun phrase middle soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun shaman drum

noun honorable place of the master of the home

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun blessing, parting wishes/words, wishes

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase fights (quarells), scolding, scandals (literally black mouth-tongue)

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

noun big drum (used by lamas)

verb phrase shaman ritual of diverting anger

noun mind, consciousness

noun phrase red breath (the last sigh)

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun local spirit-master

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally yellow universe / world)

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

noun sack of white color

verb phrase shaman ritual aiming the spirits of taiga

noun phrase master of taiga

noun hell

noun phrase afterlife world for bad people

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

[tos-karak] n. a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun phrase shaman tree

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun smoke hole

noun phrase life energy

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun phrase the direction of the harm (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun ritual of calling on happiness (in lamaism)

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer tent (in modern Tuvan - barn)

noun curse

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun phrase agalmatolite (stone used in Tuvan stone carving)

noun hell

noun buddhist lamp (icon lamp)

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthdate of a person

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

noun buddhist fortune telling on bones

verb phrase suicide or death through the fault of doctors - euphemism (literally he/she couldn’t stand it any more)

noun stick

noun scraper

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun destination and deeds

noun fate

noun phrase dead soul

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition