Tuvan English

noun phrase white sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

proper name supreme god

proper name name of a supreme god (lireally sky)

noun phrase Milky way (literally top of sky)

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of darkness)

proper name names of the main god

noun phrase Orion

proper name name of the main god (literally universe-world)

noun phrase Mars (literally fire star)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

proper name name of a fantastic bird

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

proper name name of the master of the under world

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun ritual of cleansing

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun pay for shaman services

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun shaman drum

noun Mongolian calendar

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun phrase master of camp

noun phrase fights (quarells), scolding, scandals (literally black mouth-tongue)

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase black sky

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

noun mind, consciousness

noun phrase red caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun Tuvan flute

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase silver breath (good physical shape)

verb phrase ritual of burning memorial food in the sacred fire during the funerals

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

verb phrase ritual of burning a sacral fire

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun local spirit-master

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun liver pieces wrapped in interior fat

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun spirit, life force

noun potential

noun phrase people who are engaged in transportation and burial (literally those who bury bones)

noun sack of white color

noun hell

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

noun small timpani

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase female shamans (collective meaning)

noun phrase she-shaman (literally shaman-woman)

noun phrase shaman fight (literally shaman eating of each other)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun smoke hole

verb phrase final stage of shaman ritual (literally closing of chimney (the hole on the top of the yurt))

noun phrase life energy

noun devil (used by Southern Tuvans)

verb phrase to pay for shaman services (literally to whiten hands)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun phrase the direction of the harm (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun prayer service on recovery of a sick person

noun small stones for fortune-telling (used by shamans)

noun pl young acolyte

noun ritual of cleansing face and hands after the funerals

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer tent (in modern Tuvan - barn)

noun summer camp

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun curse

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase under world / hell (literally bottom of the world)

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

noun phrase ritual of ’renting the land" (for burials)

noun phrase master of the land

noun phrase the direction of thу evil spirits / devils (unfavorable geographical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun hell

noun basics of buddhist astrology

noun phrase spirits of the camp

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthdate of a person

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

verb phrase suicide or death through the fault of doctors - euphemism (literally he/she couldn’t stand it any more)

noun stick

verb phrase euphemism - die suddenly (literally gone with smoke)

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun fate

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition