Tuvan English

proper name supreme god

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of sky)

proper name names of the main god

noun phrase name of the upper world - homeland of star shamans

proper name name of the main god (literally universe-world)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

proper name alternative names of a supreme god

noun phrase nine skys (in shamanism meaning nine worlds of the upper universe)

proper name name of the master of the under world

noun phrase hell (literally land of devils)

noun celestial bodies

noun blessed energy (coming from the depictions of saints in buddhism and from reading prayers)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase golden breath (balanced condition of an organism)

noun ritual of cleansing

noun phrase spirits of mountain passes

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun travelling lamas walking around camps and reading prayers

noun phrase middle world / universe (literally this universe / world)

noun unit of measurement of number of cattle

noun phrase grey soul (which stays on earth and bothers life relatives)

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

noun / verb animist ritual, tribal prayings (holiday)

noun phrase a person suffering in his/her life of some kind of harmness / obsticle

noun shaman drum

noun honorable place of the master of the home

proper name shamans and lamas who can see the spirits

noun phrase fights (quarells), scolding, scandals (literally black mouth-tongue)

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black sky

noun phrase black astronomy

noun big drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase main soul

noun mind, consciousness

noun phrase red breath (the last sigh)

noun phrase red caragana (Siberian peashrub)

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun paper strips with mantras

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthmark of a person

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun festivities for youth after harvesting (holiday)

noun universe

noun phrase middle world / universe (that is Earth)

noun defenders of teaching (Buddist faith)

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun buddhist monk community

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun phrase ritual to remember those who died last year during the ritual of worshiping sacred tree in the fall

noun phrase yellow or exact astronomy

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun liver pieces wrapped in interior fat

noun burials of outstanding lamas

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

noun phrase ways of soul to extract the curse out of a body practiced by shamans

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

noun sack of white color

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun mantra

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

noun / noun phrase breath of life / soul

noun phrase shaman of sky origin

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

verb phrase to pay for shaman services (literally to whiten hands)

noun phrase white caragana (Siberian peashrub)

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun prayer service on recovery of a sick person

noun small stones for fortune-telling (used by shamans)

noun ritual of cleansing face and hands after the funerals

noun ritual of calling on happiness (in lamaism)

noun summer tent (in modern Tuvan - barn)

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun phrase multiple spirits who give a shaman knowledge and visions

noun phrase under world / hell (literally bottom of the world)

noun phrase cave (literally mouth of the earth)

noun phrase ending of life (literally earth instantly disappears)

verb to fight (literally eat each other)

noun basics of buddhist astrology

noun phrase spirits of the camp

noun doll figure symbolizing sign of illness

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

verb phrase ritual of fixing the birthdate of a person

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

noun stick

noun scraper

verb phrase euphemism - die suddenly (literally gone with smoke)

noun phrase mourning, grave sign

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun fate

noun phrase dead soul

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition