Tuvan English

noun phrase white sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

proper name Great Yenisei River

proper name Little Yenisei River

noun phrase black sky (the origin of the strongest shamans)

noun phrase Milky way (literally road of darkness)

noun phrase Orion

noun phrase name of the upper world - homeland of star shamans

proper name name of the main god (literally universe-world)

noun phrase Mount Suree - border between the worlds of life and dead

noun phrase nine skys (in shamanism meaning nine worlds of the upper universe)

proper name Yenisey River (literally big river)

proper name name of the master of the middle world (literally earth-water)

noun phrase envy, slander (lterally white mouth-tongue)

noun phrase white soul (which comes to living relatives in the image of a dead person)

verb get shaman’s illness (meaning become a shaman) (literally get possessed by devils)

noun phrase under world / hell

noun ritual of cleansing

noun phrase master of the spring water

noun shaman ritual of cleansing

noun pl half-gods living in the higher world of sansara

noun phrase lama-shaman

noun phrase ritual of invocation for happiness

noun phrase round bread

noun smal drum (used by lamas)

noun phrase life soul

noun phrase middle soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun shaman drum

noun honorable place of the master of the home

noun blessing, parting wishes/words, wishes

noun phrase black soul (which guards the grave of a dead person)

noun phrase prohibited direction of funerals (literally mouth of a black dog)

noun phrase black sky

noun phrase black (dark) forces

noun phrase black astronomy

noun phrase under world / hell (literally dark world / universe)

noun phrase main soul

noun mind, consciousness

noun phrase red breath (the last sigh)

noun phrase red caragana (Siberian peashrub)

verb healing with a help of a shaman mirror kyuzyungyu

noun Tuvan flute

noun phrase the direction of the end of the life (unfavorable geografical direction when calculating the element of the birth)

noun "birthmarks" - according to Buddhism every person has a certain set of birthmarks of different colors and numbers depending on the birth date according to the Luna calendar

noun phrase bad soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun phrase eternal universe (referring to upper and under worlds)

verb phrase drive an arrow (shaman technique to look for lost thing)

noun grave (literally hole)

noun universe

noun defenders of teaching (Buddist faith)

noun phrase good soul (used by Southern Tuvans)

noun buddhist monk community

noun Buddgist concept of six worlds

noun local spirit-master

verb phrase ritual of making sacred bonfire or incense burner in front of a grave (literally put the bonfire)

noun ritual of reading prayers and offering ’prayed’ vodka to the local spirit-master

noun phrase another world (literally Northen edge)

noun / noun phrase pyramidal stone burial constructions

noun spirit, life force

noun / noun phrase soul

noun bloodline (litreally bone)

noun phrase people who are engaged in transportation and burial (literally those who bury bones)

verb ritual of smoking near a grave so the dead one could smoke with the relatives for the last time

noun sack of white color

verb phrase shaman ritual aiming the spirits of taiga

noun pl chiefs (referring to Soviet party top bosses)

noun mantra

noun ritual of healing heavily sick people with aim to decieve ill spirits haunting sick people

noun phrase shaman of sky origin

noun phrase great shaman (literally big shaman)

noun phrase soul of a child (from newborn until 13 years of age)

noun pl children born from parents of different nationalities or ethnicities (somewhat pejorative)

noun phrase shaman tree

noun phrase shaman’s fellow travellers (referring collectively to all mythical-spiritual beings with whom a shaman may interact)

Source: Simchit 2010,

noun phrase blood related people who inherit the knowledge and experience of noble bloodline of shamans

noun phrase life energy

noun wake ritual (funeral repast)

noun prayer service on recovery of a sick person

noun ritual of calling on happiness (in lamaism)

noun phrase master of lake

noun summer camp

noun phrase special stone (used to see the spirits even by ordinary people)

noun curse

noun chosen person who can manage the special stone

noun phrase hair lasso of handicraft production

noun phrase under world / hell (literally bottom of the world)

noun phrase cave (literally mouth of the earth)

noun phrase master of the land

noun basics of buddhist astrology

noun phrase spirits of the camp

noun wooden models of sables painted with soot

noun phrase afterlife world for good people (Shambala)

verb phrase suicide or death through the fault of doctors - euphemism (literally he/she couldn’t stand it any more)

noun stick

noun phrase Orion (literally three elks)

noun phrase upper universe / paradise

noun phrase upper sky

noun destination and deeds

noun fate

noun phrase dead soul

[örgül] n. sacrifice, ritual of feeding the master spirits of a place

Source: First edition