Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

noun phrase, noun wife (literally - inner side of the yurt)

noun phrase, noun husband (literally - master of the yurt)

[ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

[ava, avam, avaj] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother

noun mommy

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun father

noun phrase children

[akkyzy(y)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

noun phrase pl kinship, family

[akyj] n. brother (vocative form)

Source: First edition

[alyshky] n. sibling

Speaker: df

noun phrase young man

[ača, ada] n. father

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun daddy

noun phrase paternal grandmother

noun husband

noun phrase spouses

noun father-in-law (father of husband)

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

noun phrase great grandfather

noun phrase great grandmother

[daaj] n. mother’s brother

Source: First edition

noun sister of mother

[daaj-avaj] n. mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun maternal grandmother

[daajy(m)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

[duŋma, dyŋma] n. younger sibling or cousin

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun younger sister / brother

[ije] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother with daughter or son, mother with children

noun phrase maternal relative

[ije, ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun twin / twins

noun elder brother of father, father of husband/wife

noun old husband

noun elder sister of father, mother-in-law

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase elder step-brother

noun phrase wife (literally - got older together)

[kady törüveen] n. cousin

Source: First edition

[kady törüveen] n. sibling

Source: First edition

noun phrase father-in-law

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[katym] n. wife’s elder male siblings and wife’s father, collectively (possessed form)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[kerin] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife (possessed form)

Source: First edition

noun matchmaker (male/female)

noun phrase matchmakers (literally - go to the wedding)

noun phrase matchmakers

noun mother-in-law (mother of husband)

noun old wife (colloquial)

[kyrgan-ava] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase grandmother

noun phrase mother of grandmother

noun grandfather

noun phrase grandfather

noun phrase mother of grandfather

noun younger sister

noun husband of younger sister or daughter

[küüj] n. mother’s brother’s wife

Source: First edition

noun my son, my grandson

noun phrase grandson (son of son)

noun phrase great grandson (son of son’s son)

noun boy, young fellow, pawn (in chess)

noun younger brother

noun phrase stepfather

noun phrase stepmother

noun phrase relative by genus (literally relative by bones)

noun child

[ugba] n. elder sister, mother’s sister (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun phrase husband (literally - father of my children)

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of daughter)

noun phrase great grandson (son of daughter’s daughter)

[uruunuŋuruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase relative by blood

noun phrase father-in-law

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

[čaavaj] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[čaavaj] n. aunt (by marriage)

Source: First edition

[čaavaj ~ čaavej, čeŋgej] n. elder brother’s wife

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

[čestej] n. elder sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[čeŋge] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun wife of elder brother

[čeŋgeškiler] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition

[čeeŋgeški(ler)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition

[ene] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun child