Tuvan English

noun mommy

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun father

noun phrase children

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - adopted daughter/son)

[aky] n. brother

Speaker: First edition, df

[akyj] n. 1. elder brother, uncle, 2. term of address for an older male

Speaker: First edition, df

[akyj] n. brother (vocative form)

Source: First edition

[akym] n. my elder brother, my uncle

Speaker: First edition, df

[alyshky] n. sibling

Speaker: df

[ača, ada] n. father

Speaker: First edition, df

noun husband

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase great grandfather

noun sister of mother

noun maternal grandmother

noun bride, groom

noun phrase pl kinship

noun elder sister of father, mother-in-law

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase father-in-law

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

noun father-in-law (father of wife)

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kerniš] n. younger brother’s wife (familiar form)

Source: First edition

[kudažy(lar)] n. in-law(s)

Speaker: Sasha

noun mother-in-law (mother of husband)

noun old wife (colloquial)

noun grandmother

noun phrase father of grandmother

noun phrase mother of grandfather

noun phrase father of grandfather

noun phrase grandson (son of son)

[oglunuŋ oglu/uruu, oglunuŋ uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

[oglunuŋoglu/uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun youner siblings (diminutive)

noun phrase stepfather

noun phrase stepmother

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun my daughter, my granddaughter

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of daughter)

noun phrase relative by blood

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

noun husband of elder sister

noun wife of elder brother

noun phrase close relative

noun phrase generation, offspring