Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

noun mother

noun mommy

noun phrase paternal relative

noun father

noun phrase adoptive father

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - adopted daughter/son)

[akkyzy(y)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

noun phrase pl kinship, family

[akym] n. my elder brother, my uncle

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase wife (literally - girlfriend, whom he married)

noun daddy

noun phrase paternal grandmother

noun phrase children, offspring

noun husband

noun phrase spouses

noun father-in-law (father of husband)

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

noun phrase great grandfather

noun phrase great grandmother

[daaj] n. mother’s brother

Source: First edition

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[daaj-avaj] n. mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun maternal grandmother

noun bride, groom

[duŋma, dyŋma] n. younger sibling or cousin

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase maternal relative

noun twin / twins

noun elder brother of father, father of husband/wife

noun old husband

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase elder step-brother

noun phrase wife (literally - got older together)

[kady törüveen] n. sibling

Source: First edition

noun phrase father-in-law

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

noun father-in-law (father of wife)

noun father-in-law with son-in-law

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife (possessed form)

Source: First edition

[kerniš] n. younger brother’s wife (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun matchmaker (male/female)

noun phrase matchmakers (literally - go to the wedding)

noun phrase matchmakers

[kudažy(lar)] n. in-law(s)

Speaker: Sasha

noun old wife (colloquial)

[kyrgan-ava] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase grandmother

noun phrase mother of grandmother

[kyrgan-ača] n. grandfather

Source: First edition

noun grandfather

noun phrase mother of grandfather

noun phrase father of grandfather

[kys duŋma] n. sister, younger

Source: First edition

noun younger sister

noun husband of younger sister or daughter

noun my son, my grandson

[oglunuŋ oglu/uruu, oglunuŋ uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase great grandson (son of son’s son)

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of son’s son)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of son)

[oglunuŋoglu/uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun younger brother

noun youner siblings (diminutive)

noun phrase stepmother

noun phrase relative by genus (literally relative by bones)

[ugba] n. elder sister, mother’s sister (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun grandchild

noun phrase wife (literally - mother of my children)

noun phrase husband (literally - father of my children)

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of daughter)

noun phrase great grandson (son of daughter’s daughter)

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of daughetr’s daughter)

[uruunuŋuruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase relative by blood

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

noun elder daughter-in-law

[čaavaj] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[čaavaj] n. aunt (by marriage)

Source: First edition

[čaavaj ~ čaavej, čeŋgej] n. elder brother’s wife

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

noun husband of elder sister

[čestej] n. elder sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[čeŋgeškiler] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase close relative

[čeen] n. sister’s sons (nephews)

Source: First edition

noun phrase distant relative

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - daughter/son with whom he/she came to the family)

noun child