Tuvan English

noun phrase, noun wife (literally - inner side of the yurt)

noun phrase, noun husband (literally - master of the yurt)

[ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

[ava, avam, avaj] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mommy

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun phrase paternal relative

noun father

noun phrase children

noun phrase adoptive mother

noun phrase adoptive father

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - adopted daughter/son)

noun phrase pl kinship, family

[akyj] n. 1. elder brother, uncle, 2. term of address for an older male

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[akyj] n. brother (vocative form)

Source: First edition

noun phrase wife (literally - girlfriend, whom he married)

[alyshky] n. sibling

Speaker: df

noun phrase young man

noun daddy

noun husband

noun phrase spouses

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

noun phrase great grandfather

noun phrase great grandmother

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun sister of mother

[daaj-avaj] n. mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun maternal grandmother

[daajy(m)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

[duŋma, dyŋma] n. younger sibling or cousin

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase pl kinship

[ije] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother with daughter or son, mother with children

noun phrase maternal relative

[ije, ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun twin / twins

noun old husband

noun elder sister of father, mother-in-law

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase elder step-brother

noun phrase brother or sister (literally - born together)

[kady törüveen] n. cousin

Source: First edition

[kady törüveen] n. sibling

Source: First edition

noun phrase father-in-law

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[katym] n. wife’s elder male siblings and wife’s father, collectively (possessed form)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife (possessed form)

Source: First edition

[kerniš] n. younger brother’s wife (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun matchmaker (male/female)

noun phrase matchmakers (literally - go to the wedding)

noun phrase matchmakers

noun mother-in-law (mother of husband)

noun old wife (colloquial)

noun grandmother

noun phrase grandmother

noun phrase mother of grandmother

noun phrase father of grandmother

noun grandfather

noun phrase grandfather

noun phrase mother of grandfather

noun phrase father of grandfather

[kys] n. girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

[küdee] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

noun husband of younger sister or daughter

noun phrase grandson (son of son)

[oglunuŋ oglu/uruu, oglunuŋ uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of son’s son)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of son)

[oglunuŋoglu/uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

[ool (oglu)] n. boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun younger brother

noun phrase relative by genus (literally relative by bones)

noun child

[ugba] n. elder sister, mother’s sister (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun phrase wife (literally - mother of my children)

noun phrase husband (literally - father of my children)

[uruunuŋ uruu, uruunuŋ oglu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of daughter)

noun phrase great grandson (son of daughter’s daughter)

[uruunuŋuruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase relative by blood

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

noun elder daughter-in-law

[čaavaj] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

noun husband of elder sister

[čeŋgeškiler] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition

[čeen] n. sister’s sons (nephews)

Source: First edition

[čeeŋgeški(ler)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase distant relative

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - daughter/son with whom he/she came to the family)

noun phrase generation, offspring

noun child