Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

noun phrase, noun wife (literally - inner side of the yurt)

noun phrase, noun husband (literally - master of the yurt)

[ava, avam, avaj] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother

noun mommy

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun father

noun phrase adoptive mother

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - adopted daughter/son)

[aky] n. brother

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase pl kinship, family

[akyj] n. 1. elder brother, uncle, 2. term of address for an older male

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[akyj] n. brother (vocative form)

Source: First edition

noun phrase wife (literally - girlfriend, whom he married)

[alyshky] n. sibling

Speaker: df

noun phrase young man

[ača, ada] n. father

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase paternal grandmother

noun phrase children, offspring

noun husband

noun phrase spouses

noun father-in-law (father of husband)

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

[daaj] n. mother’s brother

Source: First edition

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[daaj-avaj] n. mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun maternal grandmother

[daajy(m)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

noun bride, groom

noun younger sister / brother

noun phrase pl kinship

[ije] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun phrase maternal relative

noun twin / twins

noun elder brother of father, father of husband/wife

noun old husband

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase wife (literally - got older together)

noun phrase brother or sister (literally - born together)

[kady törüveen] n. sibling

Source: First edition

noun phrase father-in-law

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[katym] n. wife’s elder male siblings and wife’s father, collectively (possessed form)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[kerin] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife (possessed form)

Source: First edition

[kerniš] n. younger brother’s wife (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun phrase matchmakers (literally - go to the wedding)

noun phrase matchmakers

noun old wife (colloquial)

noun grandmother

noun phrase grandmother

noun phrase mother of grandmother

noun phrase father of grandmother

[kyrgan-ača] n. grandfather

Source: First edition

noun grandfather

noun phrase grandfather

[kys] n. girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

[kys duŋma] n. sister, younger

Source: First edition

noun younger sister

[küdee] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

noun husband of younger sister or daughter

noun my son, my grandson

noun phrase grandson (son of son)

noun phrase great grandson (son of son’s son)

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of son’s son)

[oglunuŋoglu/uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun boy, young fellow, pawn (in chess)

noun younger brother

noun phrase stepmother

[ugba] n. elder sister, mother’s sister (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun grandchild

noun phrase husband (literally - father of my children)

noun my daughter, my granddaughter

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of daughter)

noun phrase great grandson (son of daughter’s daughter)

[uruunuŋuruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase relative by blood

noun phrase father-in-law

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

noun elder daughter-in-law

[čaavaj] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[čaavaj ~ čaavej, čeŋgej] n. elder brother’s wife

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

noun husband of elder sister

[čestej] n. elder sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[čeŋge] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[čeŋgeškiler] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase close relative

noun phrase distant relative

noun phrase generation, offspring