Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

noun phrase, noun wife (literally - inner side of the yurt)

noun phrase, noun husband (literally - master of the yurt)

[ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun phrase paternal relative

noun father

noun phrase children

noun phrase adoptive mother

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - adopted daughter/son)

[akkyzy(y)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

[aky] n. brother

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[akyj] n. 1. elder brother, uncle, 2. term of address for an older male

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[akyj] n. brother (vocative form)

Source: First edition

[akym] n. my elder brother, my uncle

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase wife (literally - girlfriend, whom he married)

[alyshky] n. sibling

Speaker: df

noun phrase young man

[ača, ada] n. father

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun daddy

noun phrase children, offspring

noun father-in-law (father of husband)

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

noun phrase great grandfather

noun phrase great grandmother

[daaj] n. mother’s brother

Source: First edition

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun sister of mother

[daaj-avaj] n. mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun maternal grandmother

[daajy(m)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

noun bride, groom

[duŋma, dyŋma] n. younger sibling or cousin

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun younger sister / brother

noun phrase pl kinship

[ije] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun phrase maternal relative

noun twin / twins

noun elder brother of father, father of husband/wife

noun old husband

noun elder sister of father, mother-in-law

noun phrase elder step-brother

[kady törüveen] n. cousin

Source: First edition

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[katym] n. wife’s elder male siblings and wife’s father, collectively (possessed form)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[kerin] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife (possessed form)

Source: First edition

[kerniš] n. younger brother’s wife (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun phrase matchmakers (literally - go to the wedding)

noun phrase matchmakers

[kyrgan-ava] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun grandmother

noun phrase mother of grandmother

noun phrase father of grandmother

noun phrase grandfather

noun phrase mother of grandfather

noun phrase father of grandfather

[kys] n. girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

[kys duŋma] n. sister, younger

Source: First edition

noun younger sister

noun husband of younger sister or daughter

[küüj] n. mother’s brother’s wife

Source: First edition

noun my son, my grandson

noun phrase grandson (son of son)

[oglunuŋ oglu/uruu, oglunuŋ uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase great grandson (son of son’s son)

[oglunuŋoglu/uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun younger brother

noun youner siblings (diminutive)

noun phrase stepfather

noun phrase stepmother

noun phrase relative by genus (literally relative by bones)

noun child

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun phrase husband (literally - father of my children)

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

[uruunuŋ uruu, uruunuŋ oglu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of daughetr’s daughter)

[uruunuŋuruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase relative by blood

noun phrase father-in-law

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

noun elder daughter-in-law

[čaavaj ~ čaavej, čeŋgej] n. elder brother’s wife

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

[čestej] n. elder sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[čeŋge] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[čeŋgeškiler] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - daughter/son with whom he/she came to the family)

[ene] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase generation, offspring