Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

noun phrase, noun wife (literally - inner side of the yurt)

noun phrase, noun husband (literally - master of the yurt)

[ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun father

noun phrase children

noun phrase adoptive father

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - adopted daughter/son)

[aky] n. brother

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[akym] n. my elder brother, my uncle

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[alyshky] n. sibling

Speaker: df

noun phrase young man

[ača, ada] n. father

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun daddy

noun phrase paternal grandmother

noun phrase children, offspring

noun husband

noun phrase spouses

noun father-in-law (father of husband)

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

noun phrase great grandmother

[daaj] n. mother’s brother

Source: First edition

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun sister of mother

noun maternal grandmother

[duŋma, dyŋma] n. younger sibling or cousin

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase pl kinship

noun mother with daughter or son, mother with children

noun phrase maternal relative

[ije, ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun twin / twins

noun elder brother of father, father of husband/wife

noun phrase wife (literally - got older together)

[kady törüveen] n. cousin

Source: First edition

[kady törüveen] n. sibling

Source: First edition

noun phrase father-in-law

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

noun father-in-law (father of wife)

noun father-in-law with son-in-law

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife (possessed form)

Source: First edition

[kerniš] n. younger brother’s wife (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun matchmaker (male/female)

noun phrase matchmakers (literally - go to the wedding)

noun phrase matchmakers

noun mother-in-law (mother of husband)

noun old wife (colloquial)

[kyrgan-ava] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase grandmother

noun phrase mother of grandmother

[kyrgan-ača] n. grandfather

Source: First edition

[kys] n. girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

[kys duŋma] n. sister, younger

Source: First edition

[küdee] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[küüj] n. mother’s brother’s wife

Source: First edition

noun my son, my grandson

[oglunuŋ oglu/uruu, oglunuŋ uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of son’s son)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of son)

[oglunuŋoglu/uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun boy, young fellow, pawn (in chess)

[ool (oglu)] n. boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun younger brother

noun youner siblings (diminutive)

noun phrase stepfather

noun phrase stepmother

noun phrase relative by genus (literally relative by bones)

noun child

[ugba] n. elder sister, mother’s sister (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun grandchild

noun phrase wife (literally - mother of my children)

noun phrase husband (literally - father of my children)

noun my daughter, my granddaughter

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

[uruunuŋ uruu, uruunuŋ oglu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of daughter)

noun phrase great grandson (son of daughter’s daughter)

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of daughetr’s daughter)

noun phrase relative by blood

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

[čaavaj] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[čaavaj] n. aunt (by marriage)

Source: First edition

[čaavaj ~ čaavej, čeŋgej] n. elder brother’s wife

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

noun husband of elder sister

[čestej] n. elder sister’s husband

Source: First edition

noun phrase close relative

[čeen] n. sister’s sons (nephews)

Source: First edition

[čeeŋgeški(ler)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase distant relative

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - daughter/son with whom he/she came to the family)

[ene] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun child