Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

noun phrase, noun wife (literally - inner side of the yurt)

noun phrase, noun husband (literally - master of the yurt)

[ava, avam, avaj] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mommy

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun father

noun phrase children

noun phrase adoptive mother

noun phrase adoptive father

[akkyzy(y)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

[aky] n. brother

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase pl kinship, family

[akyj] n. 1. elder brother, uncle, 2. term of address for an older male

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[akyj] n. brother (vocative form)

Source: First edition

[alyshky] n. sibling

Speaker: df

noun phrase young man

noun daddy

noun phrase children, offspring

noun phrase spouses

noun father-in-law (father of husband)

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

noun phrase great grandfather

[daaj] n. mother’s brother

Source: First edition

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun sister of mother

[duŋma, dyŋma] n. younger sibling or cousin

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun younger sister / brother

noun phrase pl kinship

[ije] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother with daughter or son, mother with children

[ije, ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun twin / twins

noun elder brother of father, father of husband/wife

noun old husband

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase elder step-brother

noun phrase wife (literally - got older together)

noun phrase brother or sister (literally - born together)

[kady törüveen] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase father-in-law

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

noun father-in-law (father of wife)

[kerin] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kerniš] n. younger brother’s wife (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun phrase matchmakers (literally - go to the wedding)

[kudažy(lar)] n. in-law(s)

Speaker: Sasha

noun mother-in-law (mother of husband)

noun old wife (colloquial)

noun grandmother

noun phrase grandmother

noun phrase mother of grandmother

noun phrase father of grandmother

[kyrgan-ača] n. grandfather

Source: First edition

noun phrase grandfather

noun phrase mother of grandfather

noun phrase father of grandfather

[kys] n. girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

noun younger sister

noun husband of younger sister or daughter

[küüj] n. mother’s brother’s wife

Source: First edition

noun my son, my grandson

noun phrase grandson (son of son)

noun phrase great grandson (son of son’s son)

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of son’s son)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of son)

noun younger brother

noun phrase stepfather

noun phrase relative by genus (literally relative by bones)

noun child

[ugba] n. elder sister, mother’s sister (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun grandchild

noun phrase wife (literally - mother of my children)

noun phrase husband (literally - father of my children)

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

[uruunuŋ uruu, uruunuŋ oglu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase great grandson (son of daughter’s daughter)

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of daughetr’s daughter)

[uruunuŋuruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase relative by blood

noun phrase father-in-law

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

[čaavaj] n. aunt (by marriage)

Source: First edition

[čaavaj ~ čaavej, čeŋgej] n. elder brother’s wife

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

[čestej] n. elder sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[čeŋgeškiler] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase close relative

[čeen] n. sister’s sons (nephews)

Source: First edition

[čeeŋgeški(ler)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - daughter/son with whom he/she came to the family)

[ene] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase generation, offspring