Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

noun phrase, noun wife (literally - inner side of the yurt)

[ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

[ava, avam, avaj] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mommy

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun phrase paternal relative

noun father

noun phrase children

noun phrase adoptive mother

noun phrase adoptive father

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - adopted daughter/son)

[akkyzy(y)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

[aky] n. brother

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase pl kinship, family

[akyj] n. 1. elder brother, uncle, 2. term of address for an older male

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[akym] n. my elder brother, my uncle

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase wife (literally - girlfriend, whom he married)

noun phrase young man

[ača, ada] n. father

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun daddy

noun phrase paternal grandmother

noun husband

noun phrase spouses

noun father-in-law (father of husband)

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

noun phrase great grandmother

[daaj] n. mother’s brother

Source: First edition

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun sister of mother

[daaj-avaj] n. mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun maternal grandmother

[daajy(m)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

[duŋma, dyŋma] n. younger sibling or cousin

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase pl kinship

[ije] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother with daughter or son, mother with children

noun phrase maternal relative

noun elder brother of father, father of husband/wife

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase elder step-brother

noun phrase brother or sister (literally - born together)

noun phrase father-in-law

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

noun father-in-law (father of wife)

[katym] n. wife’s elder male siblings and wife’s father, collectively (possessed form)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun father-in-law with son-in-law

[kerin] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife (possessed form)

Source: First edition

[kerniš] n. younger brother’s wife (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun matchmaker (male/female)

noun phrase matchmakers

noun mother-in-law (mother of husband)

noun old wife (colloquial)

[kyrgan-ava] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase mother of grandmother

noun phrase father of grandmother

[kyrgan-ača] n. grandfather

Source: First edition

noun grandfather

noun phrase grandfather

noun phrase mother of grandfather

noun younger sister

[küdee] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[küüj] n. mother’s brother’s wife

Source: First edition

noun phrase grandson (son of son)

[oglunuŋ oglu/uruu, oglunuŋ uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of son’s son)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of son)

[oglunuŋoglu/uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun boy, young fellow, pawn (in chess)

[ool (oglu)] n. boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun younger brother

noun youner siblings (diminutive)

noun phrase stepmother

noun phrase relative by genus (literally relative by bones)

noun child

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun grandchild

noun phrase wife (literally - mother of my children)

noun phrase husband (literally - father of my children)

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

noun phrase great grandson (son of daughter’s daughter)

noun phrase father-in-law

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

noun elder daughter-in-law

[čaavaj ~ čaavej, čeŋgej] n. elder brother’s wife

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun wife of elder brother

[čeŋgeškiler] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition

[čeen] n. sister’s sons (nephews)

Source: First edition

[čeeŋgeški(ler)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase distant relative

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - daughter/son with whom he/she came to the family)

[ene] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase generation, offspring