Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

noun phrase, noun wife (literally - inner side of the yurt)

[ava, avam, avaj] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun phrase paternal relative

noun father

noun phrase children

noun phrase adoptive mother

noun phrase adoptive father

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - adopted daughter/son)

[akkyzy(y)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

[aky] n. brother

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[akyj] n. brother (vocative form)

Source: First edition

[akym] n. my elder brother, my uncle

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[alyshky] n. sibling

Speaker: df

noun phrase young man

[ača, ada] n. father

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun daddy

noun phrase children, offspring

noun husband

noun phrase spouses

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase great grandfather

[daaj] n. mother’s brother

Source: First edition

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun sister of mother

[daaj-avaj] n. mother’s sister

Source: First edition

[daajy(m)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

noun bride, groom

noun phrase pl kinship

noun phrase maternal relative

[ije, ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun twin / twins

noun elder brother of father, father of husband/wife

noun old husband

noun elder sister of father, mother-in-law

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase elder step-brother

noun phrase wife (literally - got older together)

noun phrase brother or sister (literally - born together)

[kady törüveen] n. sibling

Source: First edition

noun phrase father-in-law

noun father-in-law (father of wife)

[katym] n. wife’s elder male siblings and wife’s father, collectively (possessed form)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun father-in-law with son-in-law

[kerin] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kerniš] n. younger brother’s wife (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun phrase matchmakers

[kudažy(lar)] n. in-law(s)

Speaker: Sasha

noun mother-in-law (mother of husband)

[kyrgan-ava] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase grandmother

noun phrase father of grandmother

noun grandfather

noun phrase grandfather

noun phrase mother of grandfather

noun phrase father of grandfather

[kys] n. girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

noun younger sister

[küdee] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[küüj] n. mother’s brother’s wife

Source: First edition

noun my son, my grandson

[oglunuŋ oglu/uruu, oglunuŋ uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of son’s son)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of son)

[oglunuŋoglu/uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun boy, young fellow, pawn (in chess)

[ool (oglu)] n. boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun younger brother

noun youner siblings (diminutive)

noun phrase stepfather

noun phrase stepmother

[ugba] n. elder sister, mother’s sister (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun my daughter, my granddaughter

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

noun phrase great grandson (son of daughter’s daughter)

noun phrase father-in-law

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

noun elder daughter-in-law

[čaavaj] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[čaavaj] n. aunt (by marriage)

Source: First edition

[čaavaj ~ čaavej, čeŋgej] n. elder brother’s wife

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

noun husband of elder sister

[čeŋge] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun wife of elder brother

[čeŋgeškiler] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition

[čeen] n. sister’s sons (nephews)

Source: First edition

[čeeŋgeški(ler)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase distant relative

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - daughter/son with whom he/she came to the family)

[ene] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase generation, offspring