Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

noun phrase, noun husband (literally - master of the yurt)

[ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother

noun mommy

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun phrase paternal relative

noun father

noun phrase adoptive mother

noun phrase adoptive father

[akkyzy(y)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

[aky] n. brother

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase pl kinship, family

[akyj] n. brother (vocative form)

Source: First edition

[akym] n. my elder brother, my uncle

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase wife (literally - girlfriend, whom he married)

[alyshky] n. sibling

Speaker: df

[ača, ada] n. father

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun daddy

noun father-in-law (father of husband)

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

noun phrase great grandfather

noun phrase great grandmother

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[daaj-avaj] n. mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun maternal grandmother

[daajy(m)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

noun phrase pl kinship

[ije] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun phrase maternal relative

noun elder brother of father, father of husband/wife

noun old husband

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase elder step-brother

noun phrase wife (literally - got older together)

noun phrase brother or sister (literally - born together)

[kady törüveen] n. cousin

Source: First edition

[kady törüveen] n. sibling

Source: First edition

noun phrase father-in-law

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

noun father-in-law (father of wife)

[katym] n. wife’s elder male siblings and wife’s father, collectively (possessed form)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife (possessed form)

Source: First edition

noun matchmaker (male/female)

noun phrase matchmakers (literally - go to the wedding)

noun phrase matchmakers

[kudažy(lar)] n. in-law(s)

Speaker: Sasha

noun mother-in-law (mother of husband)

noun old wife (colloquial)

noun grandmother

noun phrase grandmother

noun phrase mother of grandmother

noun phrase father of grandmother

noun grandfather

noun phrase grandfather

noun phrase mother of grandfather

noun phrase father of grandfather

[kys] n. girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

[kys duŋma] n. sister, younger

Source: First edition

[küdee] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

noun my son, my grandson

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of son’s son)

[oglunuŋoglu/uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

[ool (oglu)] n. boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun younger brother

noun youner siblings (diminutive)

noun phrase stepfather

[ugba] n. elder sister, mother’s sister (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun grandchild

noun phrase wife (literally - mother of my children)

noun my daughter, my granddaughter

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of daughter)

noun phrase great grandson (son of daughter’s daughter)

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of daughetr’s daughter)

[uruunuŋuruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase relative by blood

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

[čaavaj] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[čaavaj] n. aunt (by marriage)

Source: First edition

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

noun husband of elder sister

[čestej] n. elder sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[čeŋge] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[čeŋgeškiler] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase close relative

[čeen] n. sister’s sons (nephews)

Source: First edition

[čeeŋgeški(ler)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition

noun phrase distant relative

noun phrase generation, offspring

noun child