Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

[ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

[ava, avam, avaj] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mommy

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun phrase paternal relative

noun father

noun phrase children

noun phrase adoptive mother

noun phrase adoptive father

[aky] n. brother

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[akyj] n. brother (vocative form)

Source: First edition

[akym] n. my elder brother, my uncle

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase wife (literally - girlfriend, whom he married)

noun phrase young man

[ača, ada] n. father

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun daddy

noun phrase paternal grandmother

noun phrase children, offspring

noun husband

noun father-in-law (father of husband)

noun phrase female child / male child (literally little girl / little boy)

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun sister of mother

[daaj-avaj] n. mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun maternal grandmother

[daajy(m)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

noun bride, groom

noun phrase pl kinship

[ije] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun phrase maternal relative

[ije, ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun twin / twins

noun elder brother of father, father of husband/wife

noun old husband

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase elder step-brother

noun phrase wife (literally - got older together)

noun phrase brother or sister (literally - born together)

[kady törüveen] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase father-in-law

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[katym] n. wife’s elder male siblings and wife’s father, collectively (possessed form)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun father-in-law with son-in-law

[kerin] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife

Source: First edition

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife (possessed form)

Source: First edition

noun phrase matchmakers (literally - go to the wedding)

noun phrase matchmakers

[kudažy(lar)] n. in-law(s)

Speaker: Sasha

noun mother-in-law (mother of husband)

noun old wife (colloquial)

[kyrgan-ava] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun grandmother

noun phrase grandmother

noun phrase mother of grandmother

noun phrase father of grandmother

[kyrgan-ača] n. grandfather

Source: First edition

noun phrase grandfather

noun phrase mother of grandfather

noun phrase father of grandfather

noun younger sister

[küdee] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

noun husband of younger sister or daughter

noun my son, my grandson

[oglunuŋ oglu/uruu, oglunuŋ uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun boy, young fellow, pawn (in chess)

[ool (oglu)] n. boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun younger brother

noun phrase stepmother

noun phrase relative by genus (literally relative by bones)

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun phrase wife (literally - mother of my children)

noun my daughter, my granddaughter

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

noun phrase great grandson (son of daughter’s daughter)

noun phrase relative by blood

noun phrase father-in-law

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun wife of uncle on the paternal side

noun elder daughter-in-law

[čaavaj] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[čaavaj] n. aunt (by marriage)

Source: First edition

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

[čeŋge] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun wife of elder brother

noun phrase close relative

[čeen] n. sister’s sons (nephews)

Source: First edition

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - daughter/son with whom he/she came to the family)

[ene] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase generation, offspring

noun child