Tuvan English

[(er) duŋma] n. brother, younger

Source: First edition

noun phrase, noun wife (literally - inner side of the yurt)

noun phrase, noun husband (literally - master of the yurt)

[ava, avam, avaj] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun mother

noun mommy

noun dear friend (only referring to male relative)

noun phrase paternal relative

noun father

noun phrase children

noun phrase adoptive mother

noun phrase adoptive father

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - adopted daughter/son)

[akkyzy(y)] n. uncle

Source: First edition

noun phrase pl kinship, family

[akyj] n. 1. elder brother, uncle, 2. term of address for an older male

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[akyj] n. brother (vocative form)

Source: First edition

noun phrase wife (literally - girlfriend, whom he married)

noun phrase young man

[ača, ada] n. father

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun daddy

noun phrase paternal grandmother

noun phrase spouses

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - his/her own children)

noun phrase great grandfather

[daaj] n. mother’s brother

Source: First edition

[daaj ava] n. aunt

Source: First edition

[daaj-avaj] n. mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun maternal grandmother

noun younger sister / brother

noun phrase pl kinship

noun mother with daughter or son, mother with children

[ije, ava] n. mother

Source: First edition

noun twin / twins

noun old husband

noun elder sister of father, mother-in-law

[kadar] n. cousin

Source: First edition

noun phrase elder step-brother

noun phrase wife (literally - got older together)

noun phrase brother or sister (literally - born together)

[kady törüveen] n. cousin

Source: First edition

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[kat-ije] n. wife’s elder female siblings and wife’s mother, collectively

Source: First edition

[katym] n. wife’s elder male siblings and wife’s father, collectively (possessed form)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun father-in-law with son-in-law

[kernim] n. younger brother’s wife (possessed form)

Source: First edition

[kerniš] n. younger brother’s wife (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun phrase matchmakers (literally - go to the wedding)

noun phrase matchmakers

[kudažy(lar)] n. in-law(s)

Speaker: Sasha

noun mother-in-law (mother of husband)

noun old wife (colloquial)

[kyrgan-ava] n. grandmother

Source: First edition

noun phrase mother of grandmother

[kyrgan-ača] n. grandfather

Source: First edition

noun grandfather

noun phrase grandfather

[kys] n. girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

[kys duŋma] n. sister, younger

Source: First edition

noun younger sister

noun husband of younger sister or daughter

[küüj] n. mother’s brother’s wife

Source: First edition

noun my son, my grandson

noun phrase grandson (son of son)

[oglunuŋ oglu/uruu, oglunuŋ uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun phrase great granddaughter (daughter of son’s son)

noun phrase granddaughter (daughter of son)

[oglunuŋoglu/uruu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

noun boy, young fellow, pawn (in chess)

[ool (oglu)] n. boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun younger brother

noun youner siblings (diminutive)

noun phrase stepfather

noun phrase stepmother

noun phrase relative by genus (literally relative by bones)

noun child

[ugba] n. elder sister, mother’s sister (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder (Vocative: ugbay)

Source: First edition

[ugba] n. sister, elder, mother’s sister

Source: First edition

noun elder sister

noun grandchild

noun my daughter, my granddaughter

noun phrase grandson (son of daughter)

[uruunuŋ uruu, uruunuŋ oglu] n. grandchild

Source: First edition

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband

Source: First edition

[khüregen] n. younger sister’s husband (familiar form)

Source: First edition

noun elder daughter-in-law

[čaavaj] n. aunt (by marriage)

Source: First edition

[čaavaj ~ čaavej, čeŋgej] n. elder brother’s wife

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[čaavašky(lar)] n. elder brother’s wife’s younger siblings

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase consanguineous sisters (literally of one father)

noun phrase sons by one venter (literally of one mother)

noun husband of elder sister

[čeŋge] n. aunt

Source: First edition

noun phrase close relative

[čeen] n. sister’s sons (nephews)

Source: First edition

noun phrase distant relative

noun phrase stepdaughter/ stepson (literally - daughter/son with whom he/she came to the family)

noun child