Tuvan English

noun phrase    citrine wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla citreola

Example: Photo by at0m / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    ortolan

Scientific name: Emberiza hortulana

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common chaffinch

Scientific name: Fringilla coelebs

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    willow ptarmigan

Scientific name: Lagopus lagopus

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    thrush nightingale

Scientific name: Luscinia luscinia

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    bluethroat

Scientific name: Luscinia svecica

Example: Photo by gonkem1986 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    eurasian jay

Scientific name: Garrulus glandarius

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    seagull

Scientific name: Laridae

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    redfin

Scientific name: Perca fluviatilis

Example: Photo by bespalov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• fish

noun phrase    common shelduck

Scientific name: Tadorna tadorna

Example: Photo by lada_l / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    long-tailed ground squirrel

Scientific name: Urocitellus undulatus

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    shelducks

Scientific name: Tadorna

Example: Photo by lada_l / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ araga ]

n.    alcohol(ic) drink, fermented milk alcohol

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food

noun    argali

Scientific name: Ovus ammon

Example: Photo by naraa / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    black-tailed skimmer

Scientific name: Orthetrum cancellatum

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• insect

[ àt ]

n.    horse

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• animal

[ bala-sogaaš ]

n.    mortar and pestle

Source: First edition

[ batkan sug ]

n.    stream

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• geography

noun phrase    booted eagle

Scientific name: Hieraaetus pennatus

Example: Photo by irinakrug / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    yellow-breasted bunting

Scientific name: Emberiza aureola

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common crane

Scientific name: Grus grus

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    house sparrow

Scientific name: Passer domesticus

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    red-necked phalarope

Scientific name: Phalaropus lobatus

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    European toad

Scientific name: Bufo bufo

Example: Photo by oleg_kosterin / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

[ bört ]

n.    hat

Source: First edition

noun    bittern

Scientific name: Botaurinae

Example: Photo by Steve Chilton / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Pallas’s sandgrouse

Scientific name: Syrrhaptes paradoxus

Example: Photo by andriy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ byštak ]

n.    cheese curd (wet)

Source: First edition

noun phrase    bar-headed goose

Scientific name: Anser indicus

Example: Photo by thierrycordenos / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    grey wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla cinerea

Example: Photo by birdchuvashia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    vulture

Scientific name: Accipitridae (vultures)

Example: Photo by g_kolotin / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Altai mole

Scientific name: Talpa altaica

Example: Photo by lola73 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ demir-khuuŋ ]

n.    bucket (metal)

Source: First edition

noun    shaman’s costume (feathered headdress, ribboned coat)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 50

Semantic domains:

• shamanism

[ dooraar ]

v.    chop

Source: First edition

[ dujug ]

n.    hoof

Source: First edition

noun    kind of spider

Scientific name: Lycosidae

Example: Photo by natalya_eromasova / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• arachnid

noun phrase    Eurasian nuthatch

Scientific name: Sitta europaea

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ düler ]

v.    cook

Source: First edition

noun    shaman’s drum

Source: Simchit 2010, page 35

Semantic domains:

• shamanism

noun    common snipe

Scientific name: Gallinago gallinago

Example: Photo by alexandrkochetkov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    Asian dowitcher

Scientific name: Limnodromus semipalmatus

Example: Photo by 台灣水鳥研究群 彰化海岸保育行動聯盟 / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-SA via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    black kite

Scientific name: Milvus migrans

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ deerbedeer ]

v.    grind grain with millstone

Source: First edition

[ igil ]

n.    horsehead fiddle

Source: First edition

[ idik ]

n.    boot, shoe

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun    Bactrian camel

Scientific name: Camelus bactrianus

Example: Photo by cap1096 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    dragonfly

Scientific name: Odonata

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• insect

noun    snow leopard

Scientific name: Panthera uncia

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    eurasian hoopoe

Scientific name: Upupa epops

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common goldeneye

Scientific name: Bucephala clangula

Example: Photo by Doug Greenberg / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kadaj ]

n.    woman

Source: First edition

[ kadarčy ]

n.    herder

Source: First edition

[ kadarčy ]

n.    shepherd, herder

Source: First edition

[ kažaa ]

n.    corral

Source: First edition

[ kakpa-duzak ]

n.    trap

Source: First edition

noun phrase    Eurasian coot

Scientific name: Fulica atra

Example: Photo by David Cook Wildlife Photography / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kapka ]

n.    trap

Source: First edition

noun phrase    common starling

Scientific name: Sturnus vulgaris

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    black-throated thrush

Scientific name: Turdus atrogularis

Example: Photo by tomegatherion / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    carrion crow

Scientific name: Corvus corone

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    black redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus ochruros

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    black woodpecker

Scientific name: Dryocopus martius

Example: Photo by ratel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    brown hare

Scientific name: Lepus europaeus

Example: Photo by deniszhbir / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ kočal ]

n.    bucket

Source: First edition

noun    European goldfinch

Scientific name: Carduelis carduelis

Example: Photo by alzov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    rock dove

Scientific name: Columba livia

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    siberian blue robin

Scientific name: Luscinia cyane

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    gray wolf

Scientific name: Canis lupus

Example: Photo by taimyr / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    red-flanked bluetail

Scientific name: Тarsiger cyanurus

Example: Photo by birdchuvashia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    great tit

Scientific name: Parus major

Example: Photo by vyacheslavlin / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    grey heron

Scientific name: Ardea cinerea

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common pochard

Scientific name: Aythya ferina

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Eurasian red squirrel

Scientific name: Sciurus vulgaris

Example: Photo by annave / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    red fox

Scientific name: Vulpes vulpes

Example: Photo by os-a / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    siberian rubythroat

Scientific name: Luscinia calliope

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    white-winged redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus erythrogastrus

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    red-billed chough

Scientific name: Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    lesser black-backed gull

Scientific name: Larus fuscus

Example: Photo by ludmilapozhidaeva / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    pine grosbeak

Scientific name: Pinicola enucleator

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    eurasian bullfinch

Scientific name: Pyrrhula pyrrhula

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kys ]

n.    girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• kinship

noun phrase    rough-legged buzzard

Scientific name: Buteo lagopus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    spotted nutcracker

Scientific name: Nucifraga caryocatactes

Example: Photo by maria_tomsk / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    common quail

Scientific name: Coturnix coturnix

Example: Photo by tatyana-omck / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ mooda ]

n.    motorcycle

Source: First edition

noun phrase    mongolian lark

Scientific name: Melanocorypha mongolica

Example: Photo by yuchingtam / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Asian badger

Scientific name: Meles leucurus

Example: Photo by siberian_birdguide / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ mototsikl ]

n.    motorcycle

Source: First edition

[ möge ]

n.    wrestler

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• sport

noun phrase    european herring gull

Scientific name: Larus argentatus

Example: Photo by thierrycordenos / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ muzykant ]

n.    musician

Source: First edition

noun phrase    horned lark

Scientific name: Eremophila alpestris

Example: Photo by kildor / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    sharp-snouted lenok

Scientific name: Brachymystax lenok

Example: Photo by alekseyfaraway / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• fish

noun phrase    European green woodpecker

Scientific name: Picus viridis

Example: Photo by ma_sche / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    loon

Scientific name: Gavia

Example: Photo by valeriya_xoma / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ ool (oglu) ]

n.    boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

Semantic domains:

• kinship

[ ög ]

n.    yurt

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• yurt