Tuvan English

noun    Siberian wapiti

Scientific name: Cervus canadensis ssp. sibiricus

Example: Photo by akilee / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ araga ]

n.    alcohol(ic) drink, fermented milk alcohol

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food

[ sandaj ]

n.    chair, stool, bench

Source: First edition

noun    western jackdaw

Scientific name: Coloeus monedula

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    tufted duck

Scientific name: Aythya fuligula

Example: Photo by Frans Vandewalle / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    kestrel

Scientific name: Falco

Example: Photo by solisia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ demir-khuuŋ ]

n.    bucket (metal)

Source: First edition

noun phrase    golden eagle

Scientific name: Aquila chrysaetos

Example: Photo by beastmaster / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ khana ]

n.    wall (of yurt)

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• yurt

noun    common snipe

Scientific name: Gallinago gallinago

Example: Photo by alexandrkochetkov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    thrush nightingale

Scientific name: Luscinia luscinia

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    owls

Scientific name: Strigiformes

Example: Photo by hhempelmann / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kadaj ]

n.    woman

Source: First edition

noun    earthworm

Scientific name: Lumbricus terrestris

Example: Photo by ktcorson / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• worm

noun phrase    great cormorant

Scientific name: Phalacrocorax carbo

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    bearded reedling

Scientific name: Panurus biarmicus

Example: Photo by cristoph_moning / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ ool (oglu) ]

n.    boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

Semantic domains:

• kinship

noun    Eurasian wryneck

Scientific name: Jynx torquilla

Example: Photo by deniszhbir / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    Eurasian coot

Scientific name: Fulica atra

Example: Photo by David Cook Wildlife Photography / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ čazaar ]

v.    castrate

Source: First edition

noun    Siberian slamander

Scientific name: Salamandrella keyserlingii

Example: Photo by amarzee / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

noun    common quail

Scientific name: Coturnix coturnix

Example: Photo by tatyana-omck / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ dujug ]

n.    hoof

Source: First edition

noun    bat

Scientific name: Chiroptera

Example: Photo by sidsat / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ yt ]

n.    dog

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• animal

[ kažaa ]

n.    corral

Source: First edition

noun    plover

Scientific name: Charadrius

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Isabelline wheatear

Scientific name: Oenanthe isabellina

Example: Photo by paulcools / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    rock dove

Scientific name: Columba livia

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Eurasian eagle-owl

Scientific name: Bubo bubo

Example: Photo by hhempelmann / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    loon

Scientific name: Gavia

Example: Photo by valeriya_xoma / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    grey wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla cinerea

Example: Photo by birdchuvashia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    eurasian magpie

Scientific name: Pica pica

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    peregrine falcon

Scientific name: Falco peregrinus

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    eurasian jay

Scientific name: Garrulus glandarius

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common crane

Scientific name: Grus grus

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    bluethroat

Scientific name: Luscinia svecica

Example: Photo by gonkem1986 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    eurasian bullfinch

Scientific name: Pyrrhula pyrrhula

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    carrion crow

Scientific name: Corvus corone

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    great tit

Scientific name: Parus major

Example: Photo by vyacheslavlin / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ igil ]

n.    horsehead fiddle

Source: First edition

noun phrase    european herring gull

Scientific name: Larus argentatus

Example: Photo by thierrycordenos / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ bala-sogaaš ]

n.    mortar and pestle

Source: First edition

noun phrase    citrine wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla citreola

Example: Photo by at0m / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    kind of spider

Scientific name: Lycosidae

Example: Photo by natalya_eromasova / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• arachnid

[ sarlyk ]

n.    yak

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• animal

noun    redfin

Scientific name: Perca fluviatilis

Example: Photo by bespalov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• fish

noun    gray wolf

Scientific name: Canis lupus

Example: Photo by taimyr / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    lesser black-backed gull

Scientific name: Larus fuscus

Example: Photo by ludmilapozhidaeva / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    cuckoo

Scientific name: Cuculiformes

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    red-flanked bluetail

Scientific name: Тarsiger cyanurus

Example: Photo by birdchuvashia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ möge ]

n.    wrestler

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• sport

noun    adder

Scientific name: Vipera berus

Example: Photo by vladimir_teplouhov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• reptile

noun phrase    common redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    white-winged redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus erythrogastrus

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    pine grosbeak

Scientific name: Pinicola enucleator

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    grebe

Scientific name: Podicipediformes

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    Eurasian spoonbill

Scientific name: Platalea leucorodia

Example: Photo by nikborrow / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    European toad

Scientific name: Bufo bufo

Example: Photo by oleg_kosterin / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

noun phrase    pallas’s reed bunting

Scientific name: Emberiza pallasi

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ èt ]

n.    meat

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

Semantic domains:

• food

[ kys ]

n.    girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• kinship

noun    great bustard

Scientific name: Otis tarda

Example: Photo by Sergey Yeliseev / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ muzykant ]

n.    musician

Source: First edition

noun phrase    black redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus ochruros

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    goldcrest

Scientific name: Regulus regulus

Example: Photo by vorden / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ batkan sug ]

n.    stream

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• geography

noun phrase    red-necked phalarope

Scientific name: Phalaropus lobatus

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ khuvaanak ]

n.    divining stones (typically, a set of 41 smooth pebbles kept in a pouch, laid out ritually for divination)

Source: First edition

[ kakpa-duzak ]

n.    trap

Source: First edition

noun    bittern

Scientific name: Botaurinae

Example: Photo by Steve Chilton / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    snow leopard

Scientific name: Panthera uncia

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    hawfinch

Scientific name: Coccothraustes coccothraustes

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common starling

Scientific name: Sturnus vulgaris

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    ruff

Scientific name: Calidris pugnax

Example: Photo by ratel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    mallard

Scientific name: Anas platyrhynchos

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ khönek ]

n.    teapot

Source: First edition

[ deerbedeer ]

v.    grind grain with millstone

Source: First edition

noun phrase    black woodpecker

Scientific name: Dryocopus martius

Example: Photo by ratel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    red-backed shrike

Scientific name: Lanius collurio

Example: Photo by rolfja / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ dooraar ]

v.    chop

Source: First edition

[ urug ]

n.    girl

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase    song thrush

Scientific name: Turdus philomelos

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    shelducks

Scientific name: Tadorna

Example: Photo by lada_l / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common pochard

Scientific name: Aythya ferina

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ byštak ]

n.    cheese curd (wet)

Source: First edition

[ ög ]

n.    yurt

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• yurt

noun phrase    hen harrier

Scientific name: Circus cyaneus

Example: Photo by paulcools / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Pallas’s sandgrouse

Scientific name: Syrrhaptes paradoxus

Example: Photo by andriy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    white wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla alba

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    long-tailed ground squirrel

Scientific name: Urocitellus undulatus

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ ežik ]

n.    gate

Source: First edition

[ čövüree ]

n.    bark

Source: First edition

noun    Bactrian camel

Scientific name: Camelus bactrianus

Example: Photo by cap1096 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    black kite

Scientific name: Milvus migrans

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ saar ]

v.    milk

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food

noun    Eurasian wryneck

Scientific name: Jynx torquilla

Example: Photo by deniszhbir / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ saržag ]

n.    congealed (yellow) butter

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• color

noun phrase    European green woodpecker

Scientific name: Picus viridis

Example: Photo by ma_sche / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kadarčy ]

n.    shepherd, herder

Source: First edition