Tuvan English

noun phrase    owls

Scientific name: Strigiformes

Example: Photo by hhempelmann / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    sharp-snouted lenok

Scientific name: Brachymystax lenok

Example: Photo by alekseyfaraway / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• fish

noun phrase    common redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common pochard

Scientific name: Aythya ferina

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Siberian chipmunk

Scientific name: Eutamias sibiricus

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ khönek ]

n.    teapot

Source: First edition

noun    yellowhammer

Scientific name: Emberiza citrinella

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    crossbill

Scientific name: Loxia

Example: Photo by bespalov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    mongolian lark

Scientific name: Melanocorypha mongolica

Example: Photo by yuchingtam / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    earthworm

Scientific name: Lumbricus terrestris

Example: Photo by ktcorson / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• worm

[ möge ]

n.    wrestler

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• sport

[ sojar ]

v.    skin or flay (e.g., an animal), slaughter an animal (Hovd Dial.)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun    Eurasian eagle-owl

Scientific name: Bubo bubo

Example: Photo by hhempelmann / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    argali

Scientific name: Ovus ammon

Example: Photo by naraa / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ àt ]

n.    horse

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• animal

noun phrase    greylag goose

Scientific name: Anser anser

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ dooraar ]

v.    chop

Source: First edition

noun phrase    red-billed chough

Scientific name: Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Altai mole

Scientific name: Talpa altaica

Example: Photo by lola73 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ kadarčy ]

n.    shepherd, herder

Source: First edition

noun phrase    red-backed shrike

Scientific name: Lanius collurio

Example: Photo by rolfja / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kadaj ]

n.    woman

Source: First edition

noun    scraper

Semantic domains:

• religion
• transport

noun phrase    Eurasian penduline-tit

Scientific name: Remiz pendulinus

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    viviparous lizard

Scientific name: Zootoca vivipara

Example: Photo by mikvik / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• reptile

noun phrase    black-throated thrush

Scientific name: Turdus atrogularis

Example: Photo by tomegatherion / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ ög ]

n.    yurt

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• yurt

noun    kind of spider

Scientific name: Araneidae

Example: Photo by natalya_eromasova / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• arachnid

noun    swift

Scientific name: Apodidae

Example: Photo by ruzovdmitry / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    shaman’s costume (feathered headdress, ribboned coat)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 50

Semantic domains:

• shamanism

[ batkan sug ]

n.    stream

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• geography

noun phrase    rosy starling

Scientific name: Pastor roseus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common crane

Scientific name: Grus grus

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ igil ]

n.    horsehead fiddle

Source: First edition

noun    black kite

Scientific name: Milvus migrans

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    eurasian hoopoe

Scientific name: Upupa epops

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Eurasian wryneck

Scientific name: Jynx torquilla

Example: Photo by deniszhbir / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ bala-sogaaš ]

n.    mortar and pestle

Source: First edition

noun    moor frog

Scientific name: Rana arvalis

Example: Photo by alzov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

noun    kind of spider

Scientific name: Lycosidae

Example: Photo by natalya_eromasova / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• arachnid

[ byštak ]

n.    cheese curd (wet)

Source: First edition

noun    shelducks

Scientific name: Tadorna

Example: Photo by lada_l / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Asian rosy finch

Scientific name: Leucosticte arctoa

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common goldeneye

Scientific name: Bucephala clangula

Example: Photo by Doug Greenberg / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ ežik ]

n.    gate

Source: First edition

noun phrase    pine grosbeak

Scientific name: Pinicola enucleator

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    bohemian waxwing

Scientific name: Bombycilla garrulus

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla

Example: Photo by gonkem1986 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    white-winged redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus erythrogastrus

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    citrine wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla citreola

Example: Photo by at0m / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    golden eagle

Scientific name: Aquila chrysaetos

Example: Photo by beastmaster / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    siberian rubythroat

Scientific name: Luscinia calliope

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Bactrian camel

Scientific name: Camelus bactrianus

Example: Photo by cap1096 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ kys ]

n.    girl, female, daughter

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• kinship

[ ezer ]

n.    saddle

Source: First edition

[ sarlyk ]

n.    yak

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• animal

[ kham ]

n.    shaman, shamaness

Source: First edition

noun    house sparrow

Scientific name: Passer domesticus

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common chaffinch

Scientific name: Fringilla coelebs

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    red fox

Scientific name: Vulpes vulpes

Example: Photo by os-a / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    shaman’s drum

Source: Simchit 2010, page 35

Semantic domains:

• shamanism

noun phrase    pallas’s reed bunting

Scientific name: Emberiza pallasi

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    rock dove

Scientific name: Columba livia

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    ortolan

Scientific name: Emberiza hortulana

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    seagull

Scientific name: Laridae

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    siberian blue robin

Scientific name: Luscinia cyane

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    European goldfinch

Scientific name: Carduelis carduelis

Example: Photo by alzov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    bluethroat

Scientific name: Luscinia svecica

Example: Photo by gonkem1986 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    garganey

Scientific name: Spatula querquedula

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    European toad

Scientific name: Bufo bufo

Example: Photo by oleg_kosterin / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

noun phrase    carrion crow

Scientific name: Corvus corone

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ sandaj ]

n.    chair, stool, bench

Source: First edition

[ čövüree ]

n.    bark

Source: First edition

noun    Eurasian wryneck

Scientific name: Jynx torquilla

Example: Photo by deniszhbir / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    mallard

Scientific name: Anas platyrhynchos

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    bar-headed goose

Scientific name: Anser indicus

Example: Photo by thierrycordenos / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ saržag ]

n.    congealed (yellow) butter

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• color

noun    Siberian slamander

Scientific name: Salamandrella keyserlingii

Example: Photo by amarzee / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

[ kočal ]

n.    bucket

Source: First edition

noun    woodpecker

Scientific name: Picidae

Example: Photo by evgen_gu / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    red-flanked bluetail

Scientific name: Тarsiger cyanurus

Example: Photo by birdchuvashia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    red-necked phalarope

Scientific name: Phalaropus lobatus

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    goldcrest

Scientific name: Regulus regulus

Example: Photo by vorden / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Isabelline wheatear

Scientific name: Oenanthe isabellina

Example: Photo by paulcools / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ deerbedeer ]

v.    grind grain with millstone

Source: First edition

noun    common snipe

Scientific name: Gallinago gallinago

Example: Photo by alexandrkochetkov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kadarčy ]

n.    herder

Source: First edition

noun    Northern wheatear

Scientific name: Oenanthe oenanthe

Example: Photo by thierrycordenos / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ khana ]

n.    wall (of yurt)

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• yurt

[ dujug ]

n.    hoof

Source: First edition

[ tos-karak ]

n.    a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food
• religion

noun    Pallas’s sandgrouse

Scientific name: Syrrhaptes paradoxus

Example: Photo by andriy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    bittern

Scientific name: Botaurinae

Example: Photo by Steve Chilton / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    European green woodpecker

Scientific name: Picus viridis

Example: Photo by ma_sche / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    adder

Scientific name: Vipera berus

Example: Photo by vladimir_teplouhov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• reptile

noun phrase    hen harrier

Scientific name: Circus cyaneus

Example: Photo by paulcools / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    black woodpecker

Scientific name: Dryocopus martius

Example: Photo by ratel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    yellow-breasted bunting

Scientific name: Emberiza aureola

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    grey wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla cinerea

Example: Photo by birdchuvashia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird