Tuvan English

noun    long-tailed ground squirrel

Scientific name: Urocitellus undulatus

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    common redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    black-tailed skimmer

Scientific name: Orthetrum cancellatum

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• insect

noun    kind of spider

Scientific name: Araneidae

Example: Photo by natalya_eromasova / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• arachnid

noun phrase    eurasian jay

Scientific name: Garrulus glandarius

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    moor frog

Scientific name: Rana arvalis

Example: Photo by alzov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

noun phrase    hen harrier

Scientific name: Circus cyaneus

Example: Photo by paulcools / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kadarčy ]

n.    herder

Source: First edition

[ kočal ]

n.    bucket

Source: First edition

noun phrase    crossbill

Scientific name: Loxia

Example: Photo by bespalov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    yellow-breasted bunting

Scientific name: Emberiza aureola

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Northern wheatear

Scientific name: Oenanthe oenanthe

Example: Photo by thierrycordenos / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    owls

Scientific name: Strigiformes

Example: Photo by hhempelmann / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    lesser black-backed gull

Scientific name: Larus fuscus

Example: Photo by ludmilapozhidaeva / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    grebe

Scientific name: Podicipediformes

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    western jackdaw

Scientific name: Coloeus monedula

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ düler ]

v.    cook

Source: First edition

noun phrase    Asian dowitcher

Scientific name: Limnodromus semipalmatus

Example: Photo by 台灣水鳥研究群 彰化海岸保育行動聯盟 / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-SA via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ muzykant ]

n.    musician

Source: First edition

noun    Isabelline wheatear

Scientific name: Oenanthe isabellina

Example: Photo by paulcools / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    mallard

Scientific name: Anas platyrhynchos

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    pine grosbeak

Scientific name: Pinicola enucleator

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    dragonfly

Scientific name: Odonata

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• insect

noun    Bactrian camel

Scientific name: Camelus bactrianus

Example: Photo by cap1096 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    Altai mole

Scientific name: Talpa altaica

Example: Photo by lola73 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    mongolian lark

Scientific name: Melanocorypha mongolica

Example: Photo by yuchingtam / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ khana ]

n.    wall (of yurt)

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• yurt

noun phrase    siberian blue robin

Scientific name: Luscinia cyane

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ saar ]

v.    milk

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food

noun phrase    great tit

Scientific name: Parus major

Example: Photo by vyacheslavlin / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kapka ]

n.    trap

Source: First edition

noun phrase    great cormorant

Scientific name: Phalacrocorax carbo

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    spotted nutcracker

Scientific name: Nucifraga caryocatactes

Example: Photo by maria_tomsk / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    golden eagle

Scientific name: Aquila chrysaetos

Example: Photo by beastmaster / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    bat

Scientific name: Chiroptera

Example: Photo by sidsat / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    siberian rubythroat

Scientific name: Luscinia calliope

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ batkan sug ]

n.    stream

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• geography

noun    Eurasian eagle-owl

Scientific name: Bubo bubo

Example: Photo by hhempelmann / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Siberian chipmunk

Scientific name: Eutamias sibiricus

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    common shelduck

Scientific name: Tadorna tadorna

Example: Photo by lada_l / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ čövüree ]

n.    bark

Source: First edition

[ kakpa-duzak ]

n.    trap

Source: First edition

noun    common snipe

Scientific name: Gallinago gallinago

Example: Photo by alexandrkochetkov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    argali

Scientific name: Ovus ammon

Example: Photo by naraa / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    Eurasian penduline-tit

Scientific name: Remiz pendulinus

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ sandaj ]

n.    chair, stool, bench

Source: First edition

noun phrase    common starling

Scientific name: Sturnus vulgaris

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    Eurasian spoonbill

Scientific name: Platalea leucorodia

Example: Photo by nikborrow / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Siberian wapiti

Scientific name: Cervus canadensis ssp. sibiricus

Example: Photo by akilee / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    eurasian bullfinch

Scientific name: Pyrrhula pyrrhula

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    song thrush

Scientific name: Turdus philomelos

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    European toad

Scientific name: Bufo bufo

Example: Photo by oleg_kosterin / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

noun phrase    ortolan

Scientific name: Emberiza hortulana

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kadarčy ]

n.    shepherd, herder

Source: First edition

noun phrase    bluethroat

Scientific name: Luscinia svecica

Example: Photo by gonkem1986 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common goldeneye

Scientific name: Bucephala clangula

Example: Photo by Doug Greenberg / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    swallow

Scientific name: Hirundinidae

Example: Photo by evgenyboginsky / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    plover

Scientific name: Charadrius

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    black-throated thrush

Scientific name: Turdus atrogularis

Example: Photo by tomegatherion / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    red-necked phalarope

Scientific name: Phalaropus lobatus

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    horned lark

Scientific name: Eremophila alpestris

Example: Photo by kildor / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    rough-legged buzzard

Scientific name: Buteo lagopus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kham ]

n.    shaman, shamaness

Source: First edition

noun    bohemian waxwing

Scientific name: Bombycilla garrulus

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    Eurasian coot

Scientific name: Fulica atra

Example: Photo by David Cook Wildlife Photography / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    European goldfinch

Scientific name: Carduelis carduelis

Example: Photo by alzov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    eurasian hoopoe

Scientific name: Upupa epops

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ àt ]

n.    horse

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• animal

noun    woodpecker

Scientific name: Picidae

Example: Photo by evgen_gu / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    bittern

Scientific name: Botaurinae

Example: Photo by Steve Chilton / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ čazaar ]

v.    castrate

Source: First edition

[ èt ]

n.    meat

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

Semantic domains:

• food

noun phrase    common chaffinch

Scientific name: Fringilla coelebs

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ khuvaanak ]

n.    divining stones (typically, a set of 41 smooth pebbles kept in a pouch, laid out ritually for divination)

Source: First edition

[ ool (oglu) ]

n.    boy, son

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

Semantic domains:

• kinship

[ tarbagan, surok ]

n.    marmot

Source: First edition

[ bört ]

n.    hat

Source: First edition

[ ežik ]

n.    gate

Source: First edition

noun phrase    european herring gull

Scientific name: Larus argentatus

Example: Photo by thierrycordenos / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    viviparous lizard

Scientific name: Zootoca vivipara

Example: Photo by mikvik / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• reptile

noun phrase    greylag goose

Scientific name: Anser anser

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    black woodpecker

Scientific name: Dryocopus martius

Example: Photo by ratel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ sojar ]

v.    skin or flay (e.g., an animal), slaughter an animal (Hovd Dial.)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

[ čügen ]

n.    bridle

Source: First edition

[ byštak ]

n.    cheese curd (wet)

Source: First edition

noun    lark

Scientific name: Alaudidae

Example: Photo by kildor / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    kestrel

Scientific name: Falco

Example: Photo by solisia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ demir-khuuŋ ]

n.    bucket (metal)

Source: First edition

noun phrase    grey heron

Scientific name: Ardea cinerea

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ araga ]

n.    alcohol(ic) drink, fermented milk alcohol

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food

noun phrase    common crane

Scientific name: Grus grus

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    pine grosbeak

Scientific name: Pinicola enucleator

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Siberian slamander

Scientific name: Salamandrella keyserlingii

Example: Photo by amarzee / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

noun    Eurasian wryneck

Scientific name: Jynx torquilla

Example: Photo by deniszhbir / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ pressa, parlalga ]

n.    press

Source: First edition

noun    cuckoo

Scientific name: Cuculiformes

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    adder

Scientific name: Vipera berus

Example: Photo by vladimir_teplouhov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• reptile

noun    kind of spider

Scientific name: Lycosidae

Example: Photo by natalya_eromasova / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• arachnid

noun phrase    tufted duck

Scientific name: Aythya fuligula

Example: Photo by Frans Vandewalle / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    grey wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla cinerea

Example: Photo by birdchuvashia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird