Tuvan English

noun    map butterfly

Scientific name: Araschnia levana

Example: Photo by annave / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• insect

noun    goldcrest

Scientific name: Regulus regulus

Example: Photo by vorden / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    red-necked phalarope

Scientific name: Phalaropus lobatus

Example: Photo by alexeiebel / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    siberian blue robin

Scientific name: Luscinia cyane

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ deerbedeer ]

v.    grind grain with millstone

Source: First edition

noun    moor frog

Scientific name: Rana arvalis

Example: Photo by alzov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• amphibian

[ araga ]

n.    alcohol(ic) drink, fermented milk alcohol

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food

[ khönek ]

n.    teapot

Source: First edition

[ èt ]

n.    meat

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

Semantic domains:

• food

noun phrase    tufted duck

Scientific name: Aythya fuligula

Example: Photo by Frans Vandewalle / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ demir-khuuŋ ]

n.    bucket (metal)

Source: First edition

noun phrase    common redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ idik ]

n.    boot, shoe

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase    great cormorant

Scientific name: Phalacrocorax carbo

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    shaman’s drum

Source: Simchit 2010, page 35

Semantic domains:

• shamanism

noun    woodpecker

Scientific name: Picidae

Example: Photo by evgen_gu / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Asian badger

Scientific name: Meles leucurus

Example: Photo by siberian_birdguide / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ kadarčy ]

n.    herder

Source: First edition

[ sapyk ]

n.    boot

Source: First edition

[ möge ]

n.    wrestler

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• sport

[ kočal ]

n.    bucket

Source: First edition

noun    eurasian hoopoe

Scientific name: Upupa epops

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ igil ]

n.    horsehead fiddle

Source: First edition

noun    common snipe

Scientific name: Gallinago gallinago

Example: Photo by alexandrkochetkov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ saar ]

v.    milk

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food

[ bört ]

n.    hat

Source: First edition

noun    black kite

Scientific name: Milvus migrans

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    lesser black-backed gull

Scientific name: Larus fuscus

Example: Photo by ludmilapozhidaeva / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    black-throated thrush

Scientific name: Turdus atrogularis

Example: Photo by tomegatherion / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    song thrush

Scientific name: Turdus philomelos

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ saržag ]

n.    congealed (yellow) butter

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• color

[ urug ]

n.    girl

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun phrase    common redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus phoenicurus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Siberian ibex

Scientific name: Capra sibirica

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    grey heron

Scientific name: Ardea cinerea

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    eagle

Scientific name: Aquila

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    kestrel

Scientific name: Falco

Example: Photo by solisia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kapka ]

n.    trap

Source: First edition

noun    snow leopard

Scientific name: Panthera uncia

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ mototsikl ]

n.    motorcycle

Source: First edition

noun phrase    common starling

Scientific name: Sturnus vulgaris

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    hen harrier

Scientific name: Circus cyaneus

Example: Photo by paulcools / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    white-winged redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus erythrogastrus

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    citrine wagtail

Scientific name: Motacilla citreola

Example: Photo by at0m / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ sojar ]

v.    skin or flay (e.g., an animal), slaughter an animal (Hovd Dial.)

Source: First edition, Speaker: First edition, df

noun    gray wolf

Scientific name: Canis lupus

Example: Photo by taimyr / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    Eurasian red squirrel

Scientific name: Sciurus vulgaris

Example: Photo by annave / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    Eurasian penduline-tit

Scientific name: Remiz pendulinus

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    pine grosbeak

Scientific name: Pinicola enucleator

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kadarčy ]

n.    shepherd, herder

Source: First edition

noun phrase    crossbill

Scientific name: Loxia

Example: Photo by bespalov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    Asian rosy finch

Scientific name: Leucosticte arctoa

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    eurasian jay

Scientific name: Garrulus glandarius

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    siberian rubythroat

Scientific name: Luscinia calliope

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ kažaa ]

n.    corral

Source: First edition

[ yjaš ]

n.    wood

Source: First edition

noun    Altai mole

Scientific name: Talpa altaica

Example: Photo by lola73 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun    garganey

Scientific name: Spatula querquedula

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ tos-karak ]

n.    a ritual wooden implement used to sprinkle milk or tea as an offering to the spirits, in the shape of a square spoon with nine holes and a ribbon

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• food
• religion

noun phrase    yellow-breasted bunting

Scientific name: Emberiza aureola

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    long-tailed ground squirrel

Scientific name: Urocitellus undulatus

Example: Photo by attila21 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

noun phrase    pallas’s reed bunting

Scientific name: Emberiza pallasi

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ muzykant ]

n.    musician

Source: First edition

noun    grass snake

Scientific name: Natrix natrix

Example: Photo by tusee / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• reptile

noun phrase    rosy starling

Scientific name: Pastor roseus

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    willow ptarmigan

Scientific name: Lagopus lagopus

Example: Photo by s_chere / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ dooraar ]

v.    chop

Source: First edition

noun    scraper

Semantic domains:

• religion
• transport

noun    house sparrow

Scientific name: Passer domesticus

Example: Photo by janems / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ sarlyk ]

n.    yak

Source: First edition

Semantic domains:

• animal

noun phrase    red-backed shrike

Scientific name: Lanius collurio

Example: Photo by rolfja / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    shaman’s costume (feathered headdress, ribboned coat)

Source: Simchit 2010, page 50

Semantic domains:

• shamanism

[ kham ]

n.    shaman, shamaness

Source: First edition

noun phrase    horned lark

Scientific name: Eremophila alpestris

Example: Photo by kildor / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    bar-headed goose

Scientific name: Anser indicus

Example: Photo by thierrycordenos / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ ežik ]

n.    gate

Source: First edition

noun phrase    european herring gull

Scientific name: Larus argentatus

Example: Photo by thierrycordenos / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    bearded reedling

Scientific name: Panurus biarmicus

Example: Photo by cristoph_moning / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    adder

Scientific name: Vipera berus

Example: Photo by vladimir_teplouhov / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• reptile

noun    grebe

Scientific name: Podicipediformes

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ tos ]

n.    birch, birchbark used for kindling

Source: First edition

noun phrase    great tit

Scientific name: Parus major

Example: Photo by vyacheslavlin / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ čügen ]

n.    bridle

Source: First edition

noun phrase    black redstart

Scientific name: Phoenicurus ochruros

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    mongolian lark

Scientific name: Melanocorypha mongolica

Example: Photo by yuchingtam / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    bat

Scientific name: Chiroptera

Example: Photo by sidsat / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• mammal

[ tarbagan, surok ]

n.    marmot

Source: First edition

[ čövüree ]

n.    bark

Source: First edition

noun    Eurasian wryneck

Scientific name: Jynx torquilla

Example: Photo by deniszhbir / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-SA via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

[ mooda ]

n.    motorcycle

Source: First edition

noun    black-tailed skimmer

Scientific name: Orthetrum cancellatum

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• insect

noun    western jackdaw

Scientific name: Coloeus monedula

Example: Photo by dmitrydubikovskiy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    bittern

Scientific name: Botaurinae

Example: Photo by Steve Chilton / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    common shelduck

Scientific name: Tadorna tadorna

Example: Photo by lada_l / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    shelducks

Scientific name: Tadorna

Example: Photo by lada_l / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun    cuckoo

Scientific name: Cuculiformes

Example: Photo by stanley_77 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC-ND via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    red-flanked bluetail

Scientific name: Тarsiger cyanurus

Example: Photo by birdchuvashia / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    carrion crow

Scientific name: Corvus corone

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    Eurasian coot

Scientific name: Fulica atra

Example: Photo by David Cook Wildlife Photography / Flickr, License: CC-BY-NC via Flickr

Semantic domains:

• bird

noun phrase    greylag goose

Scientific name: Anser anser

Example: Photo by aquacielo / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Semantic domains:

• bird